14.2 Local government and the Constitution notes

1. 14.2.173rd Amendment: Panchayats, Articles 243–243O, State Election and Finance Commissions and Eleventh Schedule

   The 73rd Amendment (1992) gave panchayats constitutional status through Part IX (Articles 243 to 243O): a Gram Sabha, three elected tiers, reservation, a five-year term, a State Election Commission, a State Finance Commission and 29 subjects in the Eleventh Schedule that states may devolve.

   Standard · 9 min · Full course
2. 14.2.274th Amendment: municipalities, Articles 243P–243ZG, Wards Committees and Twelfth Schedule

   The 74th Amendment (1992) gave urban local bodies constitutional status through Part IXA (Articles 243P to 243ZG): three types of municipality, Wards Committees, reservation, a five-year term, state finance and election commissions, district and metropolitan planning committees, and 18 functions in the Twelfth Schedule, starting with urban planning.

   Standard · 9 min · Full course
3. 14.2.3District and Metropolitan Planning Committees: Articles 243ZD–243ZE and local-government committees (Balwant Rai Mehta to G.V.K. Rao)

   The 74th Amendment created two constitutional planning bodies, the District Planning Committee (Article 243ZD) and the Metropolitan Planning Committee (Article 243ZE), to prepare draft development plans above the level of single local bodies; they are the end point of a long line of committees on decentralisation from Balwant Rai Mehta (1957) to L.M. Singhvi (1986).

   Standard · 9 min · Full course

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