17.1 Grammar notes

1. 17.1.1Parts of speech, articles and determiners

   Every word in a sentence does one job (naming, describing, showing action and so on); articles and determiners are the small words before a noun that tell us "which one" or "how much", and TGPSC asks about them in almost every paper.

   Standard · 11 min · Read here
2. 17.1.2Tenses and subject–verb agreement

   A tense tells us when an action happens and whether it is finished; the verb must agree with its subject in number; and a question tag repeats the helping verb with the opposite sign (positive sentence, negative tag).

   Standard · 10 min · Read here
3. 17.1.3Prepositions, conjunctions and modal verbs

   Prepositions show place, time and link (in, on, at, by, with); conjunctions join words and clauses (and, but, although, unless); modal verbs (can, may, must, should) add ability, permission, duty or possibility and are always followed by the base verb.

   Standard · 10 min · Read here
4. 17.1.4Active and passive voice; direct and reported speech

   In the passive voice the object of the active sentence becomes the subject and the verb becomes "be + past participle"; in reported speech the speaker's words are given without quotation marks, with pronouns, tense and time words shifted.

   Standard · 9 min · Read here

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