14.6 Language and literature notes

1. 14.6.1Literature from the Satavahanas to the Qutb Shahis and the samsthanams

   Telangana's written literature runs from Prakrit works of the Satavahana age (Gunadhya, Hala) through the Kannada classics and first Telugu verses of Vemulawada, the desi Telugu of Palkuriki Somanatha and Gona Budda Reddy under the Kakatiyas, Pothana's Bhagavatam under the Padmanayakas, and the Telugu, Persian and Dakhni (early Urdu) of the Qutb Shahi court, to the poets kept alive by small Telugu courts (samsthanams) such as Gadwal and Jataprolu.

   Standard · 17 min · Full course
2. 14.6.2Modern Telugu and Urdu literature: major writers, works, Jnanpith and Sahitya Akademi awardees

   Modern Telangana literature grew out of the Telugu awakening under the Nizams (Madapati, Suravaram), found its fire in the armed-struggle years (Dasarathi, Kaloji, Vattikota, Rangacharya), reached the Jnanpith with C. Narayana Reddy (1988), and sits beside a rich Hyderabad Urdu tradition from Daagh to Makhdoom; its best-known honours are Suravaram's first Telugu Sahitya Akademi award (1955), CiNaRe's Jnanpith and Kaloji's Padma Vibhushan (1992).

   Standard · 15 min · Full course
3. 14.6.3Songs, writers, press and libraries of Telangana, including the statehood movement's literature

   Telangana's movements were carried as much by songs, writers' forums, journals and libraries as by parties: the library movement and Golconda Patrika built a Telugu public under the Nizam, the armed-struggle songs reached the villages, and in 1998–2014 balladeers such as Gaddar, Goreti Venkanna, Guda Anjaiah and Ande Sri, and forums such as Dhoom Dham, made statehood a cultural movement; Ande Sri's "Jaya Jayahe Telangana" became the official State song in 2024.

   Standard · 13 min · Full course

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