TGPSC MPSO / ASO · Paper II · Topic 1
TGPSC MPSO / ASO Introduction to Statistics questions with answers
20 questions from TGPSC ASO Paper II Mock 1 with answers and TGPSC ASO Paper II Challenge 1 with answers. Try each one, then tap Show answer.
1.1Data collection, census, schedules & samplingNotesPractise this chapter · Set 1 free
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In a pilot survey, 30 households took 45 enumerator-hours. At the same rate, how many enumerator-hours will the main survey of 2,400 households need?
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Answer C. 3,600
The pilot gives 45 ÷ 30 = 1.5 hours per household. Main survey = 2,400 × 1.5 = 3,600 enumerator-hours. Estimating time and cost is one use of a pilot survey.
Source: Standard concept (BRAOU Sem1 Descriptive Statistics & Probability, Unit 1: collection and editing of primary data)
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A census of 20,000 households would cost ₹60 per household. Instead, a 4% sample is surveyed at ₹150 per household because more detailed questions are asked. How much money is saved?
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Answer B. ₹10,80,000
Census cost = 20,000 × 60 = ₹12,00,000. Sample cost = 800 × 150 = ₹1,20,000. Saving = ₹10,80,000.
Source: Standard concept (S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, chapter on sampling; BRAOU Sem1 Block I)
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Consider the following statements about judgement (purposive) sampling:
1. It can be useful when the sample is very small and the investigator knows the population well.
2. Its sampling error can be measured by the theory of probability.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer A. 1 only
Judgement sampling is quick and handy for small samples chosen by an expert, but the selection is not random, so the probability of selection is unknown and the sampling error cannot be estimated; the investigator's bias may enter.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU/APSCHE degree textbooks (ASO Paper II)
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Match List I (event in the history of the Indian census) with List II (year):
List I:
A. First census, taken non-synchronously in different parts of the country
B. First synchronous census
C. Census Act passed
D. First census after independence
List II:
1. 1948
2. 1881
3. 1951
4. 1872
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
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Answer C. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
The 1872 census was non-synchronous; 1881 was the first synchronous census; the Census Act was passed in 1948; the 1951 census was the first after independence.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU/APSCHE degree textbooks (ASO Paper II)
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Match List I (source of secondary data) with List II (type of source):
List I:
A. Census of India reports
B. Reports of a municipal corporation
C. Records kept in a private firm's office for its own use
D. Reports of the International Monetary Fund
List II:
1. Unpublished source
2. International publication
3. Official publication of the government
4. Semi-official publication
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Answer C. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2. Census reports are official, municipal reports semi-official, private office records unpublished and IMF reports international publications.
Source: Standard concept (BRAOU Sem1 Descriptive Statistics & Probability, Unit 2: collection and editing of secondary data)
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Consider the following statements:
1. Figures taken by a research scholar from an RBI publication are secondary data for that scholar.
2. Primary data are generally more costly and time-consuming to collect than secondary data.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer C. Both 1 and 2
Data are primary for the agency that collects them and secondary for anyone who later uses them. Collecting original data needs field work, so it costs more time and money than using published data.
Source: S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods; Telugu Akademi B.Com Business Statistics
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Consider the following statements:
1. Data collected by a firm through its own survey of its customers are primary data for that firm.
2. Secondary data are always more accurate than primary data because they come from official agencies.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer A. 1 only
Data collected first-hand by the user for its own purpose are primary data. Secondary data must be checked for reliability, suitability and adequacy before use; they are not automatically more accurate than primary data.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU/APSCHE degree textbooks (ASO Paper II)
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Consider the following statements:
1. Statistics is a science because it has systematic methods for collecting and analysing data.
2. Statistics is also an art because applying these methods to real problems needs skill and judgement.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer C. Both 1 and 2
Both statements are correct. Statistics is a science (systematic methods) and also an art (skilful use of those methods).
Source: Standard concept (S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods; BRAOU Sem1 Descriptive Statistics & Probability, Block I)
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Data collected by an investigator for the first time, for the purpose of his own enquiry, are called
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Answer C. Primary data
Primary data are original data collected afresh by the investigator for the purpose in hand; secondary data are already collected by someone else and used again.
Source: S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods; Telugu Akademi B.Com Business Statistics
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Consider the following statements about the collection of data:
1. A schedule is filled in by the enumerator, whereas a questionnaire is filled in by the informant himself.
2. The mailed questionnaire method is most suitable when most of the informants are illiterate.
3. Data collected by an agency for its own enquiry are primary data for that agency but secondary data for another agency that later uses them.
4. Secondary data should be checked for reliability, suitability and adequacy before they are used.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
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Answer A. 1, 3 and 4 only
Statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct. A schedule is carried and filled in by a trained enumerator, while a questionnaire is answered by the informant himself. A mailed questionnaire needs informants who can read and write; for illiterate informants the schedule method is used, so statement 2 is wrong. Whether data are primary or secondary depends on who uses them, and secondary data must always be scrutinised before use.
Source: Standard concept (BRAOU Sem1 Descriptive Statistics & Probability, collection of data)
1.1Frequency distribution, tabulation & diagramsNotesPractise this chapter · Set 1 free
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The class marks of four continuous classes are 5, 15, 30 and 55, and the first class starts at 0. What are the limits of the last class?
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Answer D. 40–70
Each upper limit = 2 × class mark − lower limit: 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–70. The last class is 40–70.
Source: Standard concept (BRAOU Sem1 Descriptive Statistics & Probability, Unit 3: classification and tabulation)
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Consider the following statements about ogives:
1. A 'less than' ogive is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper limits of the classes.
2. A 'more than' ogive is a rising curve.
3. The 'less than' and 'more than' ogives intersect at the median.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer C. 1 and 3 only
Less-than c.f. are plotted at upper limits and rise; more-than c.f. are plotted at lower limits and fall; the two curves meet at the median.
Source: NCERT Class 11 Statistics for Economics, Organisation and Presentation of Data
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For the classes 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50 and 50–60 with total frequency 90, what is the first point plotted for the 'more than' ogive?
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Answer D. (10, 90)
A 'more than' ogive plots cumulative frequencies against lower limits. All 90 values are 10 or more, so the first point is (10, 90).
Source: Standard concept (S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, chapters on diagrams and graphs)
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Which of the following pairs of diagram and its type is NOT correctly matched?
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Answer D. Square diagram : one-dimensional
A square diagram is two-dimensional because its area shows the value. The other pairs are correct.
Source: Standard concept (S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, chapters on diagrams and graphs)
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Consider the following statements:
1. Classification is done before tabulation.
2. In a statistical table, the source note states the agency or publication from which the data were taken.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer C. Both 1 and 2
Tabulation follows classification and presents the classified data in rows and columns. The source note at the foot of a table names the source of the data, so that it can be checked.
Source: Telugu Akademi B.Com/B.A. Statistics, Classification, Tabulation and Diagrammatic Presentation
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Consider the following statements about bar diagrams:
1. Bars may be drawn vertically or horizontally.
2. Horizontal bars are generally preferred for time series data.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer A. 1 only
Only statement 1 is correct. Bars can be vertical or horizontal; vertical bars are usual for time series and horizontal bars for categories.
Source: Standard concept (S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, chapters on diagrams and graphs)
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Which of the following are objectives of tabulation?
1. To simplify complex data
2. To make comparison easy
3. To show the trend or pattern in the data
4. To remove the need for any further analysis
Select the correct answer:
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Answer B. 1, 2 and 3 only
Tabulation simplifies data, eases comparison and shows patterns. It prepares data for analysis but does not replace it.
Source: Standard concept (BRAOU Sem1 Descriptive Statistics & Probability, Unit 3: classification and tabulation)
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Consider the following statements:
1. Diagrams are usually drawn on plain paper, while graphs are drawn on graph paper.
2. Graphs such as ogives can be used to locate the median and quartiles.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer C. Both 1 and 2
Both statements are correct. Diagrams are drawn on plain paper for comparison; graphs on graph paper also help locate values such as the median.
Source: Standard concept (S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, chapters on diagrams and graphs)
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In a sub-divided bar diagram, the small box that explains which shade or colour stands for which component is called the
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Answer D. key (index)
The key (index) of a diagram explains what each shade, colour or pattern stands for.
Source: Standard concept (S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, chapters on diagrams and graphs)
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In a histogram with unequal class widths, the rectangle over the class 0–10 has height 3 cm and stands for a frequency of 15. On the same scale, the rectangles over the classes 10–25 and 25–30 have heights 4 cm and 6 cm. What are the frequencies of the classes 10–25 and 25–30?
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Answer A. 30 and 15
The frequencies are 30 and 15. In a histogram the area of a rectangle, not its height, stands for the frequency. The rectangle over 0–10 has area 3 × 10 = 30 units for a frequency of 15, so 1 unit of area = 0.5. The class 10–25 has area 4 × 15 = 60, giving 30, and the class 25–30 has area 6 × 5 = 30, giving 15.
Source: Standard method (BRAOU Sem1 Descriptive Statistics & Probability, classification, tabulation and diagrams)
Practise Introduction to Statistics chapter by chapter. In the app every chapter is split into numbered sets of 20 questions, easier first, with your score on each set. Set 1 of every chapter is free.
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