1.4.6 Education and press notes

1. 1.4.6.1Orientalist-Anglicist controversy and Macaulay's Minute 1835

   The debate over whether the government should fund Indian classical learning or English education was settled in favour of English by Macaulay's Minute of 1835, which also gave the British the "class of interpreters" they wanted.

   Advanced · 6 min · Full course
2. 1.4.6.2Wood's Despatch 1854 and the Hunter Commission 1882

   Wood's Despatch of 1854 laid the plan of the modern education system, and the Hunter Commission of 1882 reviewed it and pushed the state to give more care to primary and secondary schools.

   Advanced · 5 min · Full course
3. 1.4.6.3Education from Curzon to Sargent: Universities Act 1904 to the Wardha scheme

   From Curzon to the eve of independence, the government alternately tightened control over universities, extended education under Indian ministers, and finally planned universal schooling, while Gandhi's Basic Education offered a different model.

   Advanced · 6 min · Full course
4. 1.4.6.4Indian press: early newspapers to the nationalist papers

   The Indian press began under European editors in 1780 and, after Rammohan Roy, became the main public voice of reform and of the nationalist movement.

   Advanced · 6 min · Full course
5. 1.4.6.5Press laws: Licensing Regulations to the Vernacular Press Act and after

   Each time the press grew critical, the government tightened control: pre-censorship under Wellesley, licensing under Adam, a brief freedom under Metcalfe, and then the Acts of 1878 and 1910 aimed at the nationalist press.

   Advanced · 6 min · Full course

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