Prelims · 2 Modern India · APPSC Group 2
2.1 Advent of the Europeans notes
4 notes, in reading order.
- 2.1.1Portuguese in India: Vasco da Gama to Albuquerque
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach India by sea (1498) and built a trading empire of forts and sea control on the west coast, with Goa as its capital.
Standard · 6 min · Read here - 2.1.2Dutch, Danish and French East India Companies
The Dutch (1602), Danes (1616) and French (1664) all set up Indian trading posts, but only the English Company held on, and the three smaller powers were reduced to a few enclaves.
Standard · 5 min · Read here - 2.1.3English East India Company: early factories and farmans
The English Company began as a chartered trading body in 1600, built fortified factories in Surat, Madras, Bombay and Calcutta, and used a Mughal farman of 1717 to trade in Bengal almost free of duty.
Standard · 5 min · Read here - 2.1.4Anglo-French rivalry: the three Carnatic wars
Between 1746 and 1763 the English and French fought three wars in the Carnatic and the Deccan, and the English victory at Wandiwash (1760) ended French hopes of an Indian empire.
Standard · 5 min · Read here
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