3.6.3 Social reform in Andhra notes

1. 3.6.3.1Early awakening in Andhra: Enugula Veeraswamy, Lakshminarasu Chetty and modern education

   Before the great reformers of the late 19th century, a small group of Telugu men in the Madras Presidency, writing new prose, starting newspapers and associations, and backed by mission and government schools, began the questioning of custom that is called the Andhra renaissance.

   Standard · 8 min · Full course
2. 3.6.3.2Kandukuri Veeresalingam: widow remarriage, journals and institutions

   Kandukuri Veeresalingam (1848–1919) of Rajahmundry, the father of the Andhra renaissance, fought for widow remarriage and women's education through journals, schools, a reform society and the first modern Telugu prose, and is called Gadya Tikkana.

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
3. 3.6.3.3Brahmo Samaj in Andhra: Raghupati Venkataratnam Naidu

   The Brahmo movement came to Andhra through Veeresalingam's Prarthana Samaj at Rajahmundry and grew strongest at Kakinada under Raghupati Venkataratnam Naidu, "Brahmarshi", who joined theism to moral and social reform through his Social Purity Association (1891).

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
4. 3.6.3.4Spoken Telugu and social satire: Gidugu Ramamurthy and Gurajada Apparao

   Two friends from Vizianagaram changed Telugu writing: Gidugu Ramamurthy led the movement to write in spoken (vyavaharika) Telugu, and Gurajada Apparao used that language in Kanyasulkam to satirise bride-price and the marriage of young girls to old men.

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
5. 3.6.3.5Women's movement in Andhra: Bandaru Acchamamba to Durgabai Deshmukh

   The women's movement in Andhra grew from men's reform work for women (Veeresalingam) to women's own writing and journals (Bandaru Acchamamba, Vinjamuri Venkataratnamma), schools (Sarada Niketan) and organisations (Durgabai Deshmukh's Andhra Mahila Sabha, 1937).

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
6. 3.6.3.6Non-Brahmin, Dalit and rationalist movements: Justice Party, Bhagya Reddy Varma and Gora

   From the 1910s, reform in Andhra moved beyond upper-caste social questions to caste itself: the Justice Party challenged Brahmin dominance in office, Bhagya Reddy Varma organised dalits in Hyderabad, writers like Tripuraneni, Jashuva and Unnava attacked caste, and Gora built an atheist movement.

   Standard · 8 min · Full course

Medha AI is an independent preparation service. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by or connected to APPSC, TSPSC, MPSC, UPSC or any other commission or government body.