Hostel Welfare Officer Paper II · 5 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance · APPSC Paper I
5.1 Individual differences, personality and guidance notes
4 notes, in reading order.
- 5.1.1Individual differences and intelligence
No two learners are alike: they differ in body, intelligence, aptitude, interest, attitude, achievement and personality because of heredity and environment; intelligence has been explained from Spearman's g and s to Gardner's multiple intelligences and Sternberg's triarchic theory, measured as IQ = (mental age ÷ chronological age) × 100 with individual or group, verbal or non-verbal tests, and widened by emotional intelligence (Goleman's five components).
Standard · 21 min · Read here - 5.1.2Personality: types, traits and assessment
Personality is the whole, organised and fairly lasting pattern of a person's ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that makes him or her unique; type theories sort people into a few boxes, trait theories measure each person on several dimensions, and personality is assessed by non-projective (direct, structured: inventories, rating scales) and projective (indirect, ambiguous stimuli: Rorschach, TAT) methods.
Standard · 20 min · Read here - 5.1.3Learners with special needs, giftedness and creativity
Exceptional children differ from the average child so much (below it, like the slow learner, the learning-disabled or the disabled child, or above it, like the gifted and the creative) that they need changes in teaching; India's answer today is inclusive education, made a legal duty by the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016.
Standard · 20 min · Read here - 5.1.4Guidance and counselling in schools
Guidance is the help a trained person gives so that a pupil can know himself, choose wisely and adjust well (in studies, career and personal life); counselling is its core, a one-to-one helping talk, done in three styles: directive (Williamson, counsellor-centred), non-directive (Carl Rogers, client-centred, built on empathy) and eclectic (Thorne, a mix).
Standard · 17 min · Read here
Practise Individual differences, personality and guidance. Questions with answers explained, from the same topics.
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