Paper I · 4 Geography of India & AP · APPSC Paper I
4.4.2 Minerals and energy resources notes
9 notes, in reading order.
- 4.4.2.1Minerals in India: classification and mineral belts
India's minerals sit mostly in the old crystalline rocks of the Peninsula, in a few well-marked belts, and are regulated mainly under the MMDR Act, 1957.
Standard · 6 min · Full course - 4.4.2.2Ferrous minerals: iron ore, manganese and chromite
Iron ore, manganese and chromite are the raw materials of steel, and India's best deposits lie in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka.
Standard · 6 min · Full course - 4.4.2.3Non-ferrous minerals: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc and gold
India has good bauxite but limited copper, lead, zinc and gold, found mostly in Odisha, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 4.4.2.4Non-metallic minerals: mica, limestone, gypsum and others
Non-metallic minerals such as mica, limestone and gypsum feed the electrical, cement, fertiliser and construction industries, and Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Andhra Pradesh are the key states.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 4.4.2.5Atomic minerals: uranium, thorium and monazite sands
India's uranium lies in old Dharwar rocks of Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Meghalaya, while its thorium comes from monazite in the beach sands of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
Standard · 6 min · Full course - 4.4.2.6Coal: Gondwana and Tertiary coalfields
Coal is India's main commercial energy source; most of it is Gondwana coal in the Damodar, Son, Mahanadi and Godavari valleys, while tertiary coal in the north-east is younger and lower in quality.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 4.4.2.7Petroleum and natural gas: onshore and offshore basins
Most of India's petroleum lies in tertiary sedimentary rocks of Assam, Gujarat, the Mumbai offshore and the east coast, but the country still imports the great majority of its crude.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 4.4.2.8Power in India: thermal, hydel and nuclear power stations
Coal-based thermal plants still give most of India's electricity, hydel plants supply peak power from the Himalaya and the Ghats, and nuclear plants are a small but growing share.
Standard · 6 min · Full course - 4.4.2.9Renewable energy in India: solar, wind and other sources by region
India's best solar sites are in the west (Rajasthan, Gujarat), wind is strongest in the south and west, and the country has set a target of 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030.
Standard · 5 min · Full course
Practise Minerals and energy resources. Questions with answers explained, from the same topics.
Medha AI is an independent preparation service. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by or connected to APPSC, TSPSC, MPSC, UPSC or any other commission or government body.