2.1 Physics in everyday life notes

1. 2.1.1Units, motion, Newton's laws and gravitation

   Motion is described by speed, velocity and acceleration, caused by force according to Newton's three laws, and the force of gravity between masses explains falling bodies, weight, tides and satellite orbits.

   Standard · 7 min · Read here
2. 2.1.2Work, energy, pressure and fluids: Pascal, Archimedes and Bernoulli

   Work transfers energy, energy is conserved, and fluids obey three working rules: Pascal (pressure transmits equally), Archimedes (buoyant force equals weight displaced) and Bernoulli (faster flow, lower pressure).

   Standard · 6 min · Read here
3. 2.1.3Heat: temperature scales, expansion and modes of heat transfer

   Heat is energy that flows because of a temperature difference, by conduction, convection or radiation, and substances differ in how much heat they need to warm up, expand or change state.

   Standard · 6 min · Read here
4. 2.1.4Sound and waves: echo, ultrasound, Doppler effect and the electromagnetic spectrum

   Sound is a mechanical, longitudinal wave that needs a medium, while light and the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum are transverse waves that travel through vacuum at the same speed.

   Standard · 6 min · Read here
5. 2.1.5Light: reflection, refraction, lenses and defects of the eye

   Light bends and bounces according to simple laws, which lets mirrors, lenses, optical fibres and spectacles form and correct images, and the human eye works like a camera with a convex lens.

   Standard · 6 min · Read here
6. 2.1.6Dispersion and scattering: rainbow, blue sky and mirages

   White light splits into colours in a prism and in raindrops, and the atmosphere scatters short wavelengths more than long ones, which explains the blue sky, red sunsets, twinkling stars and mirages.

   Standard · 6 min · Read here
7. 2.1.7Electricity and magnetism: Ohm's law, household circuits, motors and transformers

   Electric current is flowing charge governed by Ohm's law, a current makes a magnetic field and a changing magnetic field makes a current, which is how motors, generators and transformers work.

   Standard · 6 min · Read here

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