2.7 Space programme: organisation, rockets and satellites notes

1. 2.7.1Indian space programme: Sarabhai, INCOSPAR, ISRO and its centres

   India's space programme grew from a small research committee in 1962 under Vikram Sarabhai into ISRO (1969), which works through the Department of Space with specialised centres across the country.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
2. 2.7.2Rocket propulsion and launch vehicles: SLV to LVM3 and SSLV

   Rockets work on Newton's third law; ISRO's family runs from the small SLV-3 to the powerful LVM3, with PSLV the reliable workhorse and SSLV the on-demand small launcher.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
3. 2.7.3Orbits: LEO, sun-synchronous, geostationary and Lagrange points

   A satellite's orbit decides what it can see and for how long: low orbits for imaging, sun-synchronous orbits for consistent lighting, geostationary orbit for fixed coverage, and Lagrange points for parking space telescopes.

   Standard · 5 min · Full course
4. 8.2.1Satellite applications: communication, weather, navigation (NavIC, GAGAN) and remote sensing

   Indian satellites fall into three families: INSAT/GSAT for communication and weather, IRS and its successors for remote sensing, and NavIC with GAGAN for navigation.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
5. 2.7.4Space sector reform: Space Policy 2023, IN-SPACe, NSIL and private launchers

   India has opened space to private firms by splitting roles: ISRO does research and advanced missions, NSIL sells services, and IN-SPACe authorises and promotes private activity.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course

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