Paper II · 4 Random Variables, Distributions & Inference · 4.2 Estimation and testing of hypotheses

4.2.3 Small sample tests: Student's t, F and chi-square tests

For small samples (n < 30) from normal populations we use exact tests: t for means (and correlation), F for the ratio of two variances, and χ² for a variance, goodness of fit and independence of attributes, each read from its table with the right degrees of freedom.

  • TGPSC MPSO / ASO · Paper II
  • Advanced level
  • 9 min read
  • Full course

Key terms

  • small sample
  • exact test
  • Student's t
  • W.S. Gosset
  • degrees of freedom
  • t test single mean
  • two sample t test
  • pooled variance
  • paired t test
  • t test for correlation
  • F test
  • Snedecor
  • variance ratio
  • equality of variances
  • chi-square
  • Karl Pearson
  • goodness of fit
  • independence of attributes
  • contingency table
  • Yates correction
  • expected frequency

What this note covers

  1. Core factsFoundation
  2. ExplainedStandard
  3. DeeperAdvanced
  4. Common trapsFoundation
  5. Quick revisionFoundation

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