8.1 Location, physiography and climate notes

1. 8.1.1Location, boundaries, area and the 33 districts: how the map changed from 10 to 33

   Telangana is a landlocked state on the Deccan plateau, about 1,12,077 sq km in area (11th in India), bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh; it began on 2 June 2014 with 10 districts, went to 31 on 11 October 2016 and to 33 on 17 February 2019.

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2. 8.1.2Physiographic divisions and geology of the Deccan plateau in Telangana

   Telangana is a part of the Deccan plateau that slopes from about 600 m in the west to below 300 m in the Godavari and Krishna valleys in the east; it divides into the Telangana plateau, the Godavari basin and the Krishna piedmont, and rests mostly on very old granite and gneiss, with Gondwana coal rocks along the Godavari and Deccan basalt in the north-west.

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3. 8.1.3Climate, seasons and rainfall of Telangana

   Telangana has a tropical monsoon climate with hot summers, a June–September south-west monsoon that brings about four-fifths of its roughly 900 mm of yearly rain, a weaker October–December north-east monsoon and a dry, mild winter; rain is heaviest in the north-east (Mulugu) and lowest in the south-west (Narayanpet, Jogulamba Gadwal).

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