APPSC Group 1 · Study notes
Environment and ecology notes for APPSC Group 1
74 notes in 10 chapters. Open a chapter, or go straight to a note.
2.5.1 Ecology and ecosystems 8
- 2.5.1.1Ecology: levels of organisation, habitat and nicheRead here
- 2.5.1.2Ecosystem structure: biotic and abiotic componentsRead here
- 2.5.1.3Energy flow and productivity: food chains, food webs, trophic levels and decompositionRead here
- 2.5.1.4Ecological pyramids and the ten per cent lawRead here
- 2.5.1.5Ecological succession: primary, secondary and climaxRead here
- 2.5.1.6Population and community ecology: growth, interactions and keystone speciesRead here
- 2.5.1.7Terrestrial biomes: ecology and adaptationsRead here
- 2.5.1.8Aquatic ecosystems: freshwater, estuarine, mangrove and marineRead here
2.5.2 Biodiversity and species 10
- 2.5.2.1Biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystem levels; alpha, beta and gamma diversity
- 2.5.2.2Biodiversity hotspots: world and India
- 2.5.2.3India as a megadiverse country: biogeographic zones
- 2.5.2.4Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, invasive alien species and extinction
- 2.5.2.5IUCN Red List: categories and criteria
- 2.5.2.6Threatened mammals of India
- 2.5.2.7Threatened birds of India
- 2.5.2.8Reptiles, amphibians, fish and marine species in news
- 2.5.2.9Threatened and endemic plants of India
- 2.5.2.10Conservation: in situ and ex situ methods, gene banks and seed vaults
2.5.3 Protected areas and wetlands 8
- 2.5.3.1Protected area network: national parks, sanctuaries, conservation and community reserves
- 2.5.3.2Biosphere reserves and UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere programme
- 2.5.3.3Project Tiger, tiger reserves and the NTCA
- 2.5.3.4Project Elephant and other species recovery programmes: rhino, crocodile, snow leopard, bustard and cheetah
- 2.5.3.5Wetlands: types, functions and the Wetlands Rules 2017
- 2.5.3.6Ramsar sites of India
- 2.5.3.7Natural World Heritage sites and eco-sensitive zones
- 2.5.3.8Human–wildlife conflict and community participation in conservation
2.5.4 Pollution and control 10
- 2.5.4.1Air pollution: pollutants, sources and health effects
- 2.5.4.2Air quality management: NAAQS, AQI and the National Clean Air Programme
- 2.5.4.3Smog, stubble burning, vehicular emissions and BS norms
- 2.5.4.4Acid rain and indoor air pollution
- 2.5.4.5Water pollution: sources, BOD, COD and eutrophication
- 2.5.4.6Groundwater contamination: arsenic, fluoride, nitrate and uranium
- 2.5.4.7River conservation: Namami Gange and the National River Conservation Plan
- 2.5.4.8Soil pollution, pesticides and biomagnification
- 2.5.4.9Noise pollution: standards and the Noise Rules 2000
- 2.5.4.10Marine, thermal and radioactive pollution: oil spills, dead zones and microplastics
2.5.5 Climate change science 6
- 2.5.5.1Greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases: sources and global warming potential
- 2.5.5.2Global warming: evidence and IPCC assessment findings
- 2.5.5.3Impacts of climate change on India: monsoon, glaciers, coasts and agriculture
- 2.5.5.4Ozone layer depletion: ozone hole and ozone-depleting substances
- 2.5.5.5Mitigation: carbon sequestration, carbon markets and India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme
- 2.5.5.6Adaptation, black carbon and geoengineering
2.5.6 Climate and environmental treaties 12
- 2.5.6.1Stockholm 1972 to Rio 1992: evolution of global environmental governance
- 2.5.6.2UNFCCC: principles, CBDR and the COP process
- 2.5.6.3Kyoto Protocol: targets and CDM, joint implementation and emissions trading
- 2.5.6.4Paris Agreement: NDCs, Article 6 and India's updated NDC
- 2.5.6.5Recent COPs: key outcomes from COP26 onwards
- 2.5.6.6Climate finance and loss and damage: GCF, adaptation fund and REDD+
- 2.5.6.7Convention on Biological Diversity: Cartagena, Nagoya and the Kunming–Montreal framework
- 2.5.6.8CITES and wildlife trade
- 2.5.6.9Ramsar, CMS and UNCCD
- 2.5.6.10Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment
- 2.5.6.11Chemical conventions: Basel, Rotterdam, Stockholm and Minamata
- 2.5.6.12Environmental organisations: UNEP, IPCC, GEF, IUCN, WWF and IPBES
2.5.7 India's climate policy 2
2.5.8 Environment laws and institutions 11
- 2.5.8.1Constitution and the courts: Articles 48A, 51A(g), 21 and landmark judgments
- 2.5.8.2Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 and its 2022 amendment
- 2.5.8.3Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, its 2023 amendment and CAMPA
- 2.5.8.4Forest Rights Act 2006
- 2.5.8.5Environment (Protection) Act 1986
- 2.5.8.6Water Act 1974 and Air Act 1981
- 2.5.8.7Biological Diversity Act 2002 and its 2023 amendment
- 2.5.8.8Environmental Impact Assessment: EIA Notification 2006 and the clearance process
- 2.5.8.9Coastal Regulation Zone Notification 2019
- 2.5.8.10National Green Tribunal
- 2.5.8.11Environmental institutions: MoEFCC, CPCB, SPCBs, NBWL, WCCB and AWBI
2.5.9 Sustainable development 3
2.5.10 Agriculture and environment 4
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