4 Geography · 4.1.5 Weather systems and world climates
4.1.5.7 El Niño, La Niña, ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole
El Niño is a periodic warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and La Niña its cold opposite; together with the linked see-saw of air pressure (the Southern Oscillation) they form ENSO, which shifts rain and drought across the globe, while the Indian Ocean Dipole plays a similar role in the Indian Ocean.
- APPSC Group 1
- Advanced level
- 9 min read
- Full course
Key terms
- El Niño
- La Niña
- ENSO
- Southern Oscillation
- Gilbert Walker
- Walker circulation
- Tahiti
- Darwin
- Southern Oscillation Index
- Humboldt current
- Peru current
- upwelling
- thermocline
- Niño 3.4
- Oceanic Niño Index
- El Niño Modoki
- Indian Ocean Dipole
- Dipole Mode Index
- MJO
- Indian monsoon
What this note covers
- Core factsFoundation
- ExplainedStandard
- DeeperAdvanced
- Mains writingMains writing
- Common trapsFoundation
- Quick revisionFoundation
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