4.9 Transport and communication notes

1. 4.9.1Roadways: national highways, expressways and Bharatmala

   India has one of the world's largest road networks, and national highways, though only about 2 per cent of the length, carry about 40 per cent of road traffic.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
2. 4.9.2Railways: zones, gauges and dedicated freight corridors

   Indian Railways, begun in 1853, is organised into zones and divisions, runs mostly on broad gauge, and is building dedicated freight corridors to move goods faster.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
3. 4.9.3Ports of India: major ports and Sagarmala

   India has 12 major ports under the Centre and many non-major ports under the States, together handling about 95 per cent of foreign trade by volume, and Sagarmala aims to make port-led development a national priority.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
4. 4.9.4Inland waterways, airways and pipelines

   Waterways are the cheapest mode, air transport is the fastest and pipelines move oil and gas, and each is run by its own national authority.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
5. 4.9.5Communication networks: telecom, postal services and broadcasting

   India's communication system runs from the world's largest postal network and public broadcasters to a fast-growing mobile and satellite network, regulated by TRAI and Prasar Bharati.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course

Medha AI is an independent preparation service. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by or connected to APPSC, TSPSC, MPSC, UPSC or any other commission or government body.