Mains Paper I · 2 Indian Constitution · APPSC Group 2

2.15 Constitutional bodies notes

7 notes, in reading order.

  1. 2.15.1Election Commission

    The Election Commission of India, under Article 324, superintends, directs and controls elections to Parliament, state legislatures and the offices of President and Vice-President; it is now a three-member body appointed under a 2023 law.

    Advanced · 8 min · Full course
  2. 2.15.2UPSC, State PSCs and Joint PSCs

    Articles 315 to 323 create independent recruiting bodies: the UPSC for the Union and a PSC for each state, with a Joint PSC possible for two or more states by a law of Parliament.

    Advanced · 8 min · Full course
  3. 2.15.3Finance Commission

    The Finance Commission, set up by the President every five years under Article 280, recommends how central taxes are shared with the states and among them, and which grants the Union should give; it is a quasi-judicial advisory body.

    Advanced · 8 min · Full course
  4. 2.15.4GST Council

    The GST Council, created by Article 279A through the 101st Amendment (2016), is a joint forum of the Union and state finance ministers that recommends GST rates, laws and rules by a weighted three-fourths majority.

    Advanced · 7 min · Full course
  5. 2.15.5Comptroller and Auditor General

    The CAG, under Articles 148 to 151, audits all receipts and spending of the Union and states and reports to Parliament and state legislatures; he is the guardian of the public purse, protected like a Supreme Court judge.

    Advanced · 7 min · Full course
  6. 2.15.6NCSC, NCST and NCBC

    Three constitutional commissions watch over safeguards for disadvantaged groups: the NCSC (Article 338), the NCST (Article 338A) and the NCBC (Article 338B), each with a chairperson, vice-chairperson and three members appointed by the President.

    Advanced · 7 min · Full course
  7. 2.15.7Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities

    Article 350B, added in 1956, provides a Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities, appointed by the President, to investigate and report on the safeguards for people whose mother tongue differs from the main language of their state.

    Advanced · 6 min · Full course

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