2.1 Historical background notes

1. 2.1.1Company rule: Regulating Act 1773 to Charter Act 1853

   Between 1773 and 1853 the British Parliament passed a series of Acts that brought the East India Company under its control, centralised its government in India, and began to separate law-making from administration.

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2. 2.1.2Crown rule: Government of India Act 1858 to Indian Councils Act 1909

   After the Revolt of 1857 the British Crown took over India from the East India Company, and the Councils Acts of 1861, 1892 and 1909 slowly brought Indians into the legislative councils, first by nomination, then by indirect election.

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3. 2.1.3Government of India Act 1919

   The Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) introduced dyarchy in the provinces and a bicameral central legislature, as a first step towards responsible government.

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4. 2.1.4Government of India Act 1935

   The Government of India Act, 1935 was the longest and most detailed British Act for India: it planned an All-India Federation, gave the provinces autonomy, and became the largest single source of the Constitution.

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5. 2.1.5Indian Independence Act 1947

   The Indian Independence Act, 1947, passed by the British Parliament on the basis of the Mountbatten Plan, ended British rule and created two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, from 15 August 1947.

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