APPSC Group 2 · Study notes
Indian society notes for APPSC Group 2
74 notes in 13 chapters. Open a chapter, or go straight to a note.
6.1 Basic sociological concepts 4
- 6.1.1Sociology: origin, scope and the founders (Comte, Spencer); society and communityRead here
- 6.1.2Social groups: primary and secondary, in-group and out-group, reference groups; status and roleRead here
- 6.1.3Culture: definitions, folkways and mores, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism and cultural lagRead here
- 6.1.4Socialisation, social control and theories of social changeRead here
6.2 Western thinkers 5
- 6.2.1Emile Durkheim: social facts, solidarity, suicide and anomie
- 6.2.2Max Weber: social action, ideal types, authority and bureaucracy
- 6.2.3Karl Marx: historical materialism, class struggle and alienation
- 6.2.4Functionalism: Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown, Parsons and Merton
- 6.2.5Interactionist and other perspectives: Cooley, Mead, Goffman, Simmel, Tönnies, Pareto and Mills
6.3 Indian sociology and thinkers 4
- 6.3.1Indian sociology: Bombay and Lucknow schools, book view and field view, and G.S. Ghurye
- 6.3.2M.N. Srinivas: Sanskritisation, Westernisation and dominant caste
- 6.3.3Louis Dumont and Andre Beteille: hierarchy, purity–pollution and caste, class and power
- 6.3.4Village studies and tradition: S.C. Dube, Redfield, Marriott and Yogendra Singh's modernisation of tradition
6.4 Social stratification and caste 8
- 6.4.1Social stratification: forms (slavery, estate, caste, class) and theories (Marx, Weber, Davis–Moore, Tumin)
- 6.4.2Social mobility: types, channels and studies
- 6.4.3Varna and jati: textual origins and theories of caste origin (Risley, Hutton, Nesfield, Ambedkar)
- 6.4.4Features of caste: Ghurye's six features, jajmani system and purity–pollution
- 6.4.5Caste in the Census and among Muslims, Sikhs and Christians
- 6.4.6Changes in the caste system: Sanskritisation, dominant caste, urbanisation and legislation
- 6.4.7Caste in politics and caste conflict: caste associations, vote banks, Mandal and Dalit-Bahujan politics
- 6.4.8Dalit and anti-caste movements: Ambedkar's legacy, Dalit Panthers, BAMCEF and Telugu Dalit writing
6.5 Family, marriage and kinship 8
- 6.5.1Family: definitions, types, functions and the changing joint family
- 6.5.2Marriage: forms, rules of mate selection (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy) and residence
- 6.5.3Hindu marriage in tradition: the eight forms, gotra, anuloma–pratiloma and niyoga
- 6.5.4Kinship: descent, kin groups, degrees of kin and kinship usages
- 6.5.5Kinship zones of India and matrilineal communities: Karve, Nairs, Khasis and Garos
- 6.5.6Hindu personal law: Hindu Marriage Act 1955, the Hindu Code and the 2005 succession amendment
- 6.5.7Muslim, Christian and civil marriage law: nikah, mahr, talaq, the 2019 Act and the Special Marriage Act
- 6.5.8Courts on marriage and family: Shah Bano to Supriyo, irretrievable breakdown, live-in relationships and the UCC
6.6 Religion and secularism 4
- 6.6.1Sociology of religion: Durkheim, Weber, Marx, Tylor, Frazer and Malinowski
- 6.6.2Religious communities of India: Census 2011 profile, practices and notified minorities
- 6.6.3Secularism: the Indian model, constitutional provisions and key judgments
- 6.6.4Religion and the State in practice: essential practices doctrine, conversion laws, Places of Worship Act and Sabarimala
6.7 Tribes of India and AP 7
- 6.7.1Tribes: definition, features, classification and distribution (Census 2011)
- 6.7.2Tribal policy: isolation, assimilation and integration, Nehru's Panchsheel, Tribal Sub-Plan and committees (Dhebar, Lokur, Bhuria, Xaxa)
- 6.7.3Constitutional and legal safeguards for STs: Article 342, Fifth and Sixth Schedules and PESA
- 6.7.4Forest Rights Act 2006: individual and community rights and the role of the Gram Sabha
- 6.7.5Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups: criteria, distribution and PM-JANMAN
- 6.7.6Tribes of Andhra Pradesh: PVTGs, ITDAs, podu cultivation and tribal welfare
- 6.7.7Tribal issues: land alienation, displacement, Samatha, Niyamgiri and identity movements
6.8 Women: issues and laws 7
- 6.8.1Status of women: patriarchy, reform-era laws, 'Towards Equality', sex ratio, CEDAW and Beijing
- 6.8.2Constitutional provisions and political representation: Articles 15(3), 39(d), 243D, 243T and the 106th Amendment
- 6.8.3Dowry, cruelty and domestic violence: Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, BNS provisions and the 2005 Act
- 6.8.4Sexual harassment at work: Vishaka to the POSH Act 2013
- 6.8.5Criminal law and women: 2013 and 2018 amendments, BNS offences and acid attacks
- 6.8.6Reproductive rights: Maternity Benefit Act, PCPNDT Act, MTP Act and Surrogacy Act
- 6.8.7Institutions and schemes for women: NCW, Mission Shakti, BBBP, PMMVY and Sukanya Samriddhi
6.9 Children, youth and the elderly 8
- 6.9.1Child rights and development: constitutional provisions, UNCRC, ICDS, POSHAN and Mission Vatsalya
- 6.9.2Right to education: Article 21A and the RTE Act 2009
- 6.9.3POCSO Act 2012
- 6.9.4Child marriage: Sarda Act to the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006
- 6.9.5Juvenile Justice Act 2015: boards, child welfare committees, heinous offences and adoption
- 6.9.6Child labour and trafficking: the 1986 Act and 2016 amendment, ILO conventions and the Palermo Protocol
- 6.9.7Youth: definitions, National Youth Policy and youth programmes (NSS, MY Bharat)
- 6.9.8Elderly: ageing in India and the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007
6.10 Disability and vulnerable groups 4
- 6.10.1Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016: specified disabilities, benchmark disability and reservation
- 6.10.2Disability institutions and schemes: UNCRPD, Sugamya Bharat, UDID, National Trust and Mental Healthcare Act 2017
- 6.10.3Transgender persons: the NALSA judgment, the 2019 Act and SMILE
- 6.10.4Denotified and nomadic tribes, manual scavengers, bonded labour, trafficking and beggary laws
6.11 Social issues 6
- 6.11.1Communalism: meaning, stages, riots and commissions of inquiry
- 6.11.2Regionalism and sons-of-the-soil movements: linguistic states, Dravidian, Punjab, Assam and the North-East
- 6.11.3Poverty, social exclusion and vulnerability: culture of poverty and feminisation of poverty
- 6.11.4Urbanisation and migration: social consequences, slums and the urban poor
- 6.11.5Globalisation and Indian society
- 6.11.6Left-wing extremism and insurgency: Naxalbari to Salwa Judum
6.12 Social justice and constitutional safeguards 6
- 6.12.1Social justice in the Constitution and untouchability: Article 17, Articles 38 and 46 and the PCR Act 1955
- 6.12.2SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 and its amendments
- 6.12.3Reservation: Articles 15(4) to 16(4B) and 335, and backward classes commissions (Kalelkar, Mandal, Rohini)
- 6.12.4Reservation judgments: Champakam to Davinder Singh
- 6.12.5SCs, STs and OBCs: identification, representation (Articles 330–342) and national commissions
- 6.12.6Minorities: Articles 29–30 and 350A–350B, NCM, Sachar and Ranganath Misra, and minority schemes
6.13 Welfare schemes for vulnerable groups 3
- 6.13.1Schemes for SCs, OBCs and DNTs: scholarships, SC Sub-Plan, PM-AJAY, SHRESHTA, PM YASASVI and finance corporations
- 6.13.2Schemes for STs: Eklavya schools, Van Dhan, Dharti Aaba, PMAAGY and TRIFED
- 6.13.3Social assistance and security: NSAP, NFSA entitlements, PM POSHAN, PMJJBY, PMSBY, Atal Pension Yojana and Ayushman Bharat
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