4.1 Juvenile and correctional institutions notes

1. 4.1.1Juvenile Justice Act 2015 at section level: definitions, Boards, Committees and procedure

   The JJ Act 2015 is built in layers that the exam asks by section number: s.2 defines the child and the three classes of offence, s.3 lists sixteen principles, ss.4–26 run the Juvenile Justice Board and the procedure for a child in conflict with law (bail, inquiry, s.15 preliminary assessment, s.18 orders), and ss.27–38 run the Child Welfare Committee for a child in need of care and protection. The basics (who sits on the JJB and CWC, heinous offences, adoption) are in SOC-CY-05; this note goes to section level.

   Standard · 17 min · Read here
2. 4.1.2Child care institutions under the JJ Act: observation, special and children's homes, place of safety, open shelter, fit facility

   Chapter VII of the JJ Act 2015 sets up the homes where children live: an observation home (s.47) while a child in conflict with law is under inquiry, a special home (s.48) after the Board's order, a place of safety (s.49) for 16–18-year-olds in heinous cases and those over 18, a children's home (s.50) and open shelter (s.43) for children in need of care, and a fit facility (s.51) or fit person (s.52) for short placements; every one must be registered (s.41) and inspected (s.54). For the Boards and Committees that send children there, see CR-JC-01.

   Standard · 13 min · Read here
3. 4.1.3Open prisons, Borstal schools, certified and reformatory schools, remand homes

   Open prisons hold selected, trusted convicts with no walls, bars or armed guards, relying on self-discipline and work; Borstal schools (named after a village in Kent, started by Ruggles-Brise, 1902; in India from the Madras Borstal Schools Act, 1925) train adolescent offenders (about 16–21) apart from adult convicts; and the older reformatory schools (Act of 1897), certified schools and remand homes of the Children Acts are the forerunners of today's special homes and observation homes under the JJ Act 2015.

   Standard · 14 min · Read here
4. 4.1.4Child protection system: POCSO, NCPCR, ICPS and Mission Vatsalya

   India's child protection system is a chain of bodies: NCPCR / SCPCRs (watchdogs under the CPCR Act 2005) monitor the laws; the JJ Act 2015 sets up the State Child Protection Society, District Child Protection Unit (DCPU) and Special Juvenile Police Unit; the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS, 2009, Ministry of WCD), now Mission Vatsalya (2021–22), pays for them, for child care institutions, family-based care and the 1098 helpline; and Supreme Court judgments on jails, trafficking and shelter homes have pushed the system forward. The POCSO Act itself is in SOC-CY-03.

   Standard · 13 min · Read here

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