Probation Officer Paper II: Social Work & Criminology · 5 Criminal Justice System, Probation and Parole · APPSC Paper I
5.1 Criminal justice system notes
2 notes, in reading order.
- 5.1.1Criminal justice system: components, Packer's models, police, courts and correctional administration
The criminal justice system (CJS) is the chain of agencies that deals with crime: police → prosecution → courts → corrections; Herbert Packer described two value models for it, crime control (an "assembly line") and due process (an "obstacle course"); India's system is adversarial, its criminal courts are set up by the BNSS 2023 (which replaced the CrPC from 1 July 2024), and the Malimath Committee (2003) is the main reform report.
Standard · 18 min · Read here - 5.1.2Criminal procedure under BNSS and BSA, rights of the accused and legal aid
Criminal procedure is now governed by the BNSS (procedure, replacing the CrPC 1973) and the BSA (evidence, replacing the Evidence Act 1872) from 1 July 2024: an arrested person must be told the grounds, produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, can be remanded to police custody for at most 15 days within a 60- or 90-day limit (CrPC 167 → BNSS 187), may confess only before a magistrate (CrPC 164 → BNSS 183), and has a right to bail, a fair trial and free legal aid (Article 39A, CrPC 304 → BNSS 341, NALSA).
Standard · 19 min · Read here
Practise Criminal justice system. Questions with answers explained, from the same topics.
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