Paper I · 6 Indian Economy & Planning · APPSC Paper I
6.5.3 Infrastructure and services notes
7 notes, in reading order.
- 6.5.3.1Infrastructure financing: PPP models, HAM, VGF, National Infrastructure Pipeline and NaBFID
India builds infrastructure through a mix of budget money, public-private partnerships and long-term debt, and the policy tools (HAM, VGF, NIP, NaBFID, asset monetisation) are all attempts to bring in private and institutional money without overloading the budget.
Advanced · 8 min · Full course - 6.5.3.2Power and energy sector: Electricity Act 2003, discom reforms (UDAY, RDSS), renewable targets and the Green Hydrogen Mission
The Electricity Act 2003 opened power generation to competition and created regulators, but weak distribution companies (discoms) remain the sector's problem, which UDAY and RDSS tried to fix, while policy now pushes renewable energy and green hydrogen.
Advanced · 8 min · Full course - 6.5.3.3Roads and railways: Golden Quadrilateral, Bharatmala, PMGSY and dedicated freight corridors
India's road and rail backbone is being built through national highway programmes (NHDP, then Bharatmala), a rural road programme (PMGSY) and dedicated freight corridors that free passenger lines of freight traffic.
Advanced · 7 min · Full course - 6.5.3.4Ports, waterways and aviation: Sagarmala, national waterways and UDAN
Ports, inland waterways and airports carry trade and regional connectivity; Sagarmala drives port-led development, the National Waterways Act 2016 expanded inland waterways to 111, and UDAN subsidises regional flights.
Advanced · 7 min · Full course - 6.5.3.5Logistics and digital infrastructure: PM Gati Shakti, National Logistics Policy and the Telecommunications Act 2023
PM Gati Shakti is a digital master plan to coordinate infrastructure projects, the National Logistics Policy aims to cut logistics costs, and the Telecommunications Act 2023 replaced colonial telegraph laws for the digital age.
Advanced · 6 min · Full course - 6.5.3.6Urban development missions: Smart Cities, AMRUT, PMAY-Urban and Swachh Bharat (Urban)
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs runs a set of missions launched in 2014-15 for city infrastructure, housing, water, sanitation and livelihoods; most are now in their second phases.
Advanced · 7 min · Full course - 6.5.3.7Services sector: growth, IT-BPM, tourism and the gig economy
Services are a little over half of India's GVA and the fastest-growing export segment, led by IT-BPM, while tourism and the gig economy add jobs and raise new questions on social security.
Advanced · 6 min · Full course
Practise Infrastructure and services. Questions with answers explained, from the same topics.
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