Paper I · 4 Geography of India & AP · 4.1.6 Oceanography

4.1.6.9 Ocean resources and the Law of the Sea: UNCLOS, territorial waters and EEZ

The oceans hold food, energy and minerals, and the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) divides them into zones — 12 nautical miles of territorial sea, a 24-mile contiguous zone, a 200-mile exclusive economic zone and the high seas — that decide who may use what.

  • APPSC Paper I · Paper I
  • Standard level
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Key terms

  • UNCLOS 1982
  • Montego Bay
  • baseline
  • internal waters
  • territorial sea
  • 12 nautical miles
  • contiguous zone
  • 24 nautical miles
  • exclusive economic zone
  • 200 nautical miles
  • continental shelf
  • 350 nautical miles
  • high seas
  • the Area
  • common heritage of mankind
  • International Seabed Authority
  • ITLOS
  • CLCS
  • BBNJ
  • polymetallic nodules
  • Deep Ocean Mission
  • Maritime Zones Act 1976
  • blue economy

What this note covers

  1. Core factsFoundation
  2. ExplainedStandard
  3. DeeperAdvanced
  4. AP angleStandard
  5. Mains writingMains writing
  6. Common trapsFoundation
  7. Quick revisionFoundation

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