3.2.11 Marathas notes

1. 3.2.11.1Rise of the Marathas and Shivaji's conquests

   Shivaji built an independent Maratha kingdom (swarajya) out of Bijapur and Mughal territory, using hill forts, fast cavalry and sharp diplomacy, and was crowned Chhatrapati in 1674.

   Standard · 5 min · Full course
2. 3.2.11.2Shivaji's administration: Ashtapradhan, chauth and sardeshmukhi

   Shivaji governed through a council of eight ministers (Ashtapradhan), a revenue system based on measurement and cash, and levies called chauth and sardeshmukhi on neighbouring territory.

   Standard · 5 min · Full course
3. 3.2.11.3Shivaji's successors and the rise of the Peshwas

   After Shivaji's death the Marathas survived Aurangzeb's Deccan war under Sambhaji, Rajaram and Tarabai; Shahu's accession in 1707 and the minister Balaji Vishwanath then made the Peshwa the real head of the state.

   Standard · 5 min · Full course
4. 3.2.11.4Baji Rao I to the Third Battle of Panipat 1761

   Under Baji Rao I and Balaji Baji Rao the Marathas became the strongest power in India, and reached the Indus, before Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated them at Panipat in 1761.

   Standard · 4 min · Full course
5. 3.2.11.5Maratha confederacy and Peshwa administration

   In the eighteenth century the Maratha state became a confederacy of powerful chiefs under the Peshwa at Pune; it fell apart from within and was ended by the English in 1818.

   Standard · 5 min · Full course

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