APPSC Paper I · Study notes
Modern India notes for APPSC Paper I
109 notes in 15 chapters. Open a chapter, or go straight to a note.
3.3.1 Advent of the Europeans 4
- 3.3.1.1Portuguese in India: Vasco da Gama to AlbuquerqueRead here
- 3.3.1.2Dutch, Danish and French East India CompaniesRead here
- 3.3.1.3English East India Company: early factories and farmansRead here
- 3.3.1.4Anglo-French rivalry: the three Carnatic warsRead here
3.3.2 British conquest and expansion 8
- 3.3.2.1Bengal Nawabs and the Battle of Plassey 1757
- 3.3.2.2Battle of Buxar and the Treaty of Allahabad 1765
- 3.3.2.3Dual government in Bengal and its consequences
- 3.3.2.4Anglo-Mysore wars: Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan
- 3.3.2.5Anglo-Maratha wars
- 3.3.2.6Ranjit Singh and the Anglo-Sikh wars
- 3.3.2.7Subsidiary Alliance and the Doctrine of Lapse
- 3.3.2.8Frontier wars: Anglo-Burmese, Anglo-Afghan and the annexation of Sindh
3.3.3 Governors-General and Viceroys 8
- 3.3.3.1Warren Hastings and Cornwallis
- 3.3.3.2Wellesley, Minto I and Lord Hastings: paramountcy established
- 3.3.3.3William Bentinck: reforms of the first Governor-General of India
- 3.3.3.4Dalhousie: annexations and modernisation
- 3.3.3.5Viceroys 1858–1884: Canning to Ripon
- 3.3.3.6Viceroys 1884–1905: Dufferin to Curzon
- 3.3.3.7Viceroys 1905–1947: Minto II to Mountbatten
- 3.3.3.8Constitutional reforms 1858–1947: the politics behind each step
3.3.4 British administration 6
- 3.3.4.1Civil services under the Company and the Crown
- 3.3.4.2Army and police under British rule
- 3.3.4.3Judicial system: Company adalats to the High Courts and Federal Court
- 3.3.4.4Local self-government: Mayo's resolution to Ripon's reforms
- 3.3.4.5British policy towards princely states: paramountcy to the Butler Committee
- 3.3.4.6Social legislation under British rule: sati, widow remarriage and age of consent
3.3.5 Land revenue and economic impact 8
- 3.3.5.1Permanent Settlement 1793: zamindars and its effects
- 3.3.5.2Ryotwari system: Read, Munro and the Madras and Bombay presidencies
- 3.3.5.3Mahalwari system and the North-Western Provinces
- 3.3.5.4Commercialisation of agriculture and famines
- 3.3.5.5Deindustrialisation and the decline of handicrafts
- 3.3.5.6Drain of wealth: Naoroji, R.C. Dutt and the economic critique
- 3.3.5.7Railways, telegraph and irrigation under British rule
- 3.3.5.8Rise of modern industry and the Indian capitalist class
3.3.6 Education and press 5
- 3.3.6.1Orientalist-Anglicist controversy and Macaulay's Minute 1835
- 3.3.6.2Wood's Despatch 1854 and the Hunter Commission 1882
- 3.3.6.3Education from Curzon to Sargent: Universities Act 1904 to the Wardha scheme
- 3.3.6.4Indian press: early newspapers to the nationalist papers
- 3.3.6.5Press laws: Licensing Regulations to the Vernacular Press Act and after
3.3.7 Civil, tribal and peasant revolts 6
- 3.3.7.1Civil rebellions of the Company era: Sanyasi–Fakir, Poligar, Velu Thampi and Paika
- 3.3.7.2Tribal revolts before 1857: Kol, Santhal, Bhil and Khond
- 3.3.7.3Tribal movements after 1857: Birsa Munda's ulgulan, Tana Bhagat and others
- 3.3.7.4Religious-political resistance: Wahabi, Faraizi and Kuka movements
- 3.3.7.5Peasant movements 1857–1918: Indigo revolt, Pabna and the Deccan riots
- 3.3.7.6Peasant movements 1918–1947: Kisan Sabhas, Moplah, Bardoli, Tebhaga and Telangana
3.3.8 Revolt of 1857 4
3.3.9 Socio-religious reform movements 13
- 3.3.9.1Raja Rammohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj
- 3.3.9.2Brahmo Samaj after Rammohan: Debendranath Tagore and Keshab Chandra Sen
- 3.3.9.3Young Bengal movement and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
- 3.3.9.4Prarthana Samaj, Ranade and reform in western India
- 3.3.9.5Jyotiba Phule and the Satyashodhak Samaj
- 3.3.9.6Arya Samaj: Dayananda Saraswati and the Shuddhi movement
- 3.3.9.7Ramakrishna Mission and Swami Vivekananda
- 3.3.9.8Theosophical Society and Annie Besant
- 3.3.9.9Muslim reform movements: Aligarh, Deoband and Ahmadiyya
- 3.3.9.10Sikh and Parsi reform: Singh Sabha, the Akali movement and Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha
- 3.3.9.11Caste movements in the south: Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyankali and Periyar
- 3.3.9.12B.R. Ambedkar and the Depressed Classes movement
- 3.3.9.13Women's question and organisations: Pandita Ramabai to the All India Women's Conference
3.4.1 Rise of nationalism and the early Congress 6
- 3.4.1.1Causes of the rise of Indian nationalism
- 3.4.1.2Pre-Congress associations: Landholders' Society to the Indian Association
- 3.4.1.3Founding of the Indian National Congress 1885 and the safety-valve debate
- 3.4.1.4Moderates: leaders, methods and achievements
- 3.4.1.5Congress sessions 1885–1947: venues and presidents
- 3.4.1.6Rise of the Extremists: Lal, Bal, Pal and Aurobindo
3.4.2 Swadeshi to Home Rule 1905–1919 9
- 3.4.2.1Partition of Bengal 1905
- 3.4.2.2Swadeshi and Boycott movement
- 3.4.2.3Surat split 1907
- 3.4.2.4Muslim League 1906 and separate electorates
- 3.4.2.5Revolutionary nationalism, first phase: Bengal, Maharashtra and abroad
- 3.4.2.6Ghadar movement and revolutionaries in the First World War
- 3.4.2.7Home Rule leagues: Tilak and Annie Besant
- 3.4.2.8Lucknow Pact 1916: Congress reunion and Congress–League unity
- 3.4.2.9August Declaration 1917 and the reception of the Montford reforms
3.4.3 Gandhi and the mass movements 1917–1922 5
- 3.4.3.1Gandhi in South Africa and the early satyagrahas: Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad
- 3.4.3.2Rowlatt satyagraha and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
- 3.4.3.3Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movement
- 3.4.3.4Chauri Chaura, the withdrawal and the Swarajist–No-changer debate
- 3.4.3.5Gandhian ideas: satyagraha, ahimsa and the constructive programme
3.4.4 Towards Purna Swaraj 1923–1939 8
- 3.4.4.1Revolutionary nationalism, second phase: HSRA, Bhagat Singh and Chittagong
- 3.4.4.2Simon Commission and the Nehru Report
- 3.4.4.3Lahore Congress 1929 and Purna Swaraj
- 3.4.4.4Civil Disobedience: the Dandi march and salt satyagraha
- 3.4.4.5Round Table Conferences and the Gandhi–Irwin Pact
- 3.4.4.6Communal Award and the Poona Pact 1932
- 3.4.4.7Elections of 1937 and the Congress ministries
- 3.4.4.8Rise of the left: socialists, communists, trade unions and the Tripuri crisis
3.4.5 Freedom and partition 1939–1947 10
- 3.4.5.1Communal politics: Hindu Mahasabha, the two-nation theory and the Lahore Resolution 1940
- 3.4.5.2Second World War: the August Offer and individual satyagraha
- 3.4.5.3Cripps Mission 1942
- 3.4.5.4Quit India movement 1942
- 3.4.5.5Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army
- 3.4.5.6Post-war upsurge: INA trials and the RIN mutiny
- 3.4.5.7Wavell Plan and the Simla Conference 1945
- 3.4.5.8Cabinet Mission 1946 and Direct Action Day
- 3.4.5.9Mountbatten Plan and the partition of India
- 3.4.5.10States' people's movements and the princely states before 1947
3.4.6 Post-independence consolidation 9
- 3.4.6.1Partition aftermath: refugees, rehabilitation and Gandhi's assassination
- 3.4.6.2Integration of princely states: Patel, V.P. Menon and the Instrument of Accession
- 3.4.6.3Junagadh, Hyderabad and Kashmir
- 3.4.6.4French and Portuguese enclaves: Pondicherry and Goa
- 3.4.6.5Language politics after 1947: linguistic states and the official language agitation
- 3.4.6.6Nehru era: planning, non-alignment and nation-building
- 3.4.6.7Wars of 1947-48, 1962, 1965 and 1971
- 3.4.6.8Emergency 1975-77 and the Janata government
- 3.4.6.9Movements after 1947: Naxalbari, the JP movement, Assam and Punjab
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