Paper I · 3 History of India & AP · APPSC Paper I
3.3.5 Land revenue and economic impact notes
8 notes, in reading order.
- 3.3.5.1Permanent Settlement 1793: zamindars and its effects
In 1793 Cornwallis made the revenue of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa permanent and made zamindars the owners of the land, trading the Company's future gains for a stable income and a loyal landlord class.
Standard · 7 min · Full course - 3.3.5.2Ryotwari system: Read, Munro and the Madras and Bombay presidencies
The Ryotwari system settled the land revenue directly with each cultivator, field by field, and let the state revise the demand from time to time.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 3.3.5.3Mahalwari system and the North-Western Provinces
The Mahalwari system settled the revenue with the village (the mahal) as a body, with the headman collecting and paying it, and the demand revised every 30 years.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 3.3.5.4Commercialisation of agriculture and famines
The British pushed Indian farmers to grow crops for export and the market, which enriched traders and moneylenders, left peasants in debt, and made famines deadlier.
Standard · 6 min · Full course - 3.3.5.5Deindustrialisation and the decline of handicrafts
Indian handicrafts, above all cotton textiles, declined in the nineteenth century because of cheap British machine goods, loss of court patronage and one-sided trade policy, and many artisans fell back on farming.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 3.3.5.6Drain of wealth: Naoroji, R.C. Dutt and the economic critique
The drain-of-wealth theory said that India's resources flowed to Britain each year without a return, keeping India poor, and it became the core of the nationalist economic critique.
Standard · 6 min · Full course - 3.3.5.7Railways, telegraph and irrigation under British rule
Railways, the telegraph and canals modernised India's infrastructure, but they were designed mainly to serve British trade, military and revenue needs.
Standard · 5 min · Full course - 3.3.5.8Rise of modern industry and the Indian capitalist class
Modern factory industry began in the 1850s with cotton and jute mills, grew with the Swadeshi movement, the world wars and the Tata steel works, and produced an Indian capitalist class that backed the national movement.
Standard · 5 min · Full course
Practise Land revenue and economic impact. Questions with answers explained, from the same topics.
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