5.1.8 DPSP and Fundamental Duties notes

1. 5.1.8.1Directive Principles: features and classification

   The Directive Principles in Part IV are instructions to the State for building a welfare state. Courts cannot enforce them, but the Constitution calls them fundamental in the governance of the country.

   Standard · 8 min · Full course
2. 5.1.8.2Directive Principles article by article, and later additions

   Part IV lists about twenty directions, from equal pay and free legal aid to village panchayats and world peace. Four amendments (42nd, 44th, 86th, 97th) added to or changed them.

   Standard · 10 min · Full course
3. 5.1.8.3Fundamental Rights versus Directive Principles

   Fundamental Rights are enforceable limits on the State, and Directive Principles are unenforceable goals for it. After decades of conflict, the Supreme Court settled on balance: the two must be read together, and neither may destroy the other.

   Standard · 8 min · Full course
4. 5.1.8.4Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

   Article 51A lists eleven moral duties of every citizen. They were added during the Emergency, are not enforceable by courts on their own, and remind citizens that rights come with obligations.

   Standard · 8 min · Full course

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