5.5.4 Emergency, special provisions and schedules notes

1. 5.5.4.1National emergency (Article 352)

   Article 352 lets the President proclaim an emergency when India's security is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion, turning the federal system into a near-unitary one and allowing Fundamental Rights to be curtailed.

   Standard · 9 min · Full course
2. 5.5.4.2President's rule (Article 356)

   Article 356 lets the Union take over a state's government when it cannot be carried on according to the Constitution. Since S.R. Bommai (1994), its use is subject to judicial review and the floor test.

   Standard · 9 min · Full course
3. 5.5.4.3Financial emergency (Article 360)

   Article 360 lets the President declare a Financial Emergency when the financial stability or credit of India or any part of it is threatened. It gives the Union control over state finances and allows salary cuts, even of judges. It has never been used.

   Standard · 6 min · Full course
4. 5.5.4.4Special provisions for states: Articles 371 to 371J

   Articles 371 to 371J in Part XXI give special arrangements to certain states, for regional balance, tribal customs or local security. For Andhra Pradesh, Article 371D creates local cadres and local reservation in jobs and education.

   Standard · 12 min · Full course
5. 5.5.4.5Fifth and Sixth Schedules: scheduled and tribal areas

   The Fifth Schedule protects tribal people in Scheduled Areas through the Governor and a Tribes Advisory Council. The Sixth Schedule gives tribal areas in four north-eastern states self-government through autonomous district councils.

   Standard · 10 min · Full course
6. 5.5.4.6Official language (Part XVII)

   Part XVII makes Hindi in Devanagari the official language of the Union, keeps English in use, lets states choose their own official languages, and protects linguistic minorities.

   Standard · 9 min · Full course
7. 5.5.4.7The twelve schedules

   The Constitution has twelve schedules, which hold lists, forms and details that the Articles refer to. It started with eight; four were added by amendments.

   Standard · 8 min · Full course

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