10.1 Ancient Telangana notes

1. 10.1.1Sources of Telangana history, early references and the prehistoric past

   Telangana's ancient past is rebuilt from texts (Indian and foreign), inscriptions, coins and excavated sites; the record runs from Old Stone Age tools on the Godavari and Krishna, through Neolithic farmers and megalith builders, to the Asmaka janapada and local kings whose coins at Kotilingala come just before the Satavahanas.

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2. 10.1.2Satavahanas: origin, rulers and administration

   The Satavahanas, the first great Deccan empire, rose in the Godavari valley (first capital Kotilingala, now Jagtial district), ruled from Pratishthana and later Dhanyakataka, reached their height under Gautamiputra Satakarni, and ran a loose, Mauryan-style administration of aharas, feudatories and town councils.

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3. 10.1.3Satavahana economy, society, Buddhism, art and language

   Under the Satavahanas the Deccan grew rich on farming, guild-run crafts and trade with Rome; Telangana towns such as Kotilingala, Dhulikatta, Peddabankur and Kondapur flourished, Buddhism spread through stupas like Dhulikatta and Phanigiri, and Prakrit literature such as Hala's Gatha Saptashati took shape.

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4. 10.1.4After the Satavahanas: Ikshvakus, Vishnukundins and the Vemulawada and Mudigonda Chalukyas

   Between the Satavahanas and the Kakatiyas, Telangana was ruled by the Ikshvakus of the Krishna valley, the Vishnukundins who began at Indrapalanagara, the Badami Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas, and two local Chalukya houses: the Vemulawada Chalukyas (Bodhan, Vemulawada; patrons of Pampa and Jainism) and the Mudigonda Chalukyas (Khammam–Warangal area).

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