10.2 Medieval Telangana: Kakatiyas to Qutb Shahis notes

1. 10.2.1Kakatiyas: rise, rulers and administration (c. 1158–1323)

   The Kakatiyas rose from military chiefs of the Rashtrakutas and feudatories of the Kalyani Chalukyas at Hanumakonda to an independent kingdom under Rudradeva (1163), reached their height under Ganapatideva and Rudrama Devi with Orugallu (Warangal) as capital, ruled through a council, 72 niyogas and the nayankara system, and fell to the Tughlaqs in 1323.

   Standard · 17 min · Full course
2. 10.2.2Kakatiya economy, society, religion, art and architecture; the Sammakka–Saralamma revolt

   Kakatiya wealth came from tank-fed farming in the Telangana uplands and from trade through Motupalli; their age saw Saivism rise over an early Jain base, Telugu literature written for the people, a temple style that reached UNESCO status at Ramappa, and — in Koya tradition — the revolt of Sammakka and Saralamma, remembered at the Medaram jatara.

   Standard · 17 min · Full course
3. 10.2.3After the Kakatiyas: Musunuri Nayakas, Padmanayaka Velamas of Rachakonda and Devarakonda, and the Bahmanis

   After Warangal fell in 1323, the Musunuri Nayakas (Prolaya, then Kapaya) drove out the Tughlaqs by 1336; the Recherla Padmanayaka (Velama) chiefs then ruled much of Telangana from Rachakonda and Devarakonda, patrons of Sanskrit and Telugu learning, until the Bahmani Sultanate absorbed Telangana in the 15th century.

   Standard · 13 min · Full course
4. 10.2.4Qutb Shahis: rulers, administration, economy and Sarvai Papanna's revolt

   From 1518 to 1687 seven Qutb Shahi sultans of Persian origin ruled Telangana and the Telugu lands from Golconda and, after 1591, Hyderabad, through a Persian-speaking court, tarafs and Telugu village officials, grew rich on diamonds, textiles and Machilipatnam's trade, became Mughal tributaries in 1636 and fell to Aurangzeb in 1687; Sarvai Papanna then led a popular revolt against Mughal rule until 1710.

   Standard · 16 min · Full course
5. 10.2.5Qutb Shahi culture: Telugu and Deccani literature, architecture and the composite culture

   Under the Qutb Shahis a Persian court, Telugu poets and Dakhni (early Urdu) writers flourished side by side, Hyderabad was built around the Charminar, Golconda and the royal tombs took their Indo-Persian form, and Hindu and Muslim customs blended into the composite culture still seen in Hyderabad.

   Standard · 13 min · Full course

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