10.3 Asaf Jahis and the Nizam's Hyderabad notes

1. 10.3.1Asaf Jahi dynasty: from Nizam-ul-Mulk to Mir Osman Ali Khan, British paramountcy and 1857 in Hyderabad

   Mir Qamaruddin (Nizam-ul-Mulk) made the Mughal Deccan his own state after Shakar Kheda (1724); his successors lost the coast (1766–68), accepted the Subsidiary Alliance (1798) and ceded the Ceded Districts (1800) and Berar (1853) to the British, stood by the British in 1857, and ruled Hyderabad under British paramountcy until 1948.

   Standard · 16 min · Full course
2. 10.3.2Salar Jung reforms and modernisation under the sixth and seventh Nizams

   Diwan Salar Jung I (1853–1883) rebuilt the Nizam's government on modern lines (paid district officials, ministries, courts, schools, a standard currency and the first railway), and the sixth and seventh Nizams added railways, reservoirs, Osmania University, hospitals, industries and a state bank, making Hyderabad the most developed princely state while power stayed with the ruler.

   Standard · 15 min · Full course
3. 10.3.3Society under the Nizams: jagirdars, deshmukhs, vetti and bhagela, and the condition of women

   Rural Telangana under the Nizams was a feudal order: the state owned only part of the land, the rest went to the Nizam's own estate, nobles' jagirs and old samsthans, and hereditary deshmukhs and village doras extracted unpaid labour (vetti) and debt bondage (bhagela) from lower castes, while women faced purdah, child marriage and the jogini and aadapapa customs, until reform movements, revolt and the abolition of jagirs in 1949 broke the system.

   Standard · 15 min · Full course

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