Screening Paper I · 2 Constitution, Polity, Social Justice & International Relations · APPSC Group 1
2.1.4 Amendment and basic structure notes
4 notes, in reading order.
- 2.1.4.1Article 368: procedure and types of amendment
Article 368 lets Parliament amend the Constitution by a special majority, with ratification by half the states for federal provisions; many other changes need only a simple majority under other articles, and no amendment may destroy the basic structure.
Advanced · 8 min · Full course - 2.1.4.2Basic structure doctrine: evolution and elements
Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights, but it cannot destroy its basic structure; the Supreme Court built this rule step by step from 1951 to 1973 and has applied it ever since.
Advanced · 8 min · Full course - 2.1.4.3Important amendments at a glance
A short list of amendments carries most exam questions: the early land-reform ones, the 1970s amendments around the Emergency, the federal and local-government changes of the 1990s, and the reservation and tax changes since 2000.
Advanced · 9 min · Full course - 2.1.4.442nd and 44th Amendments
The 42nd Amendment (1976), passed during the Emergency, centralised power and curbed courts; the 43rd and 44th Amendments (1977–78) of the Janata government undid much of it and added safeguards against another Emergency.
Advanced · 8 min · Full course
Practise Amendment and basic structure. Questions with answers explained, from the same topics.
Medha AI is an independent preparation service. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by or connected to APPSC, TSPSC, MPSC, UPSC or any other commission or government body.