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APPSC Group 1 · Study notes

Indian Polity and Constitution notes for APPSC Group 1

126 notes in 20 chapters. Open a chapter, or go straight to a note.

2.1.1 Historical background 5

2.1.1.1Company rule: Regulating Act 1773 to Charter Act 1853Read here
2.1.1.2Crown rule: Government of India Act 1858 to Indian Councils Act 1909Read here
2.1.1.3Government of India Act 1919Read here
2.1.1.4Government of India Act 1935Read here
2.1.1.5Indian Independence Act 1947Read here

2.1.2 Making of the Constitution 4

2.1.3 Salient features and Preamble 5

2.1.3.1Salient features of the Constitution
2.1.3.2Parliamentary system: Indian and British models
2.1.3.3Federal system: federal and unitary features
2.1.3.4Preamble: text, components and keywords
2.1.3.5Preamble in the courts: Berubari to Kesavananda

2.1.4 Amendment and basic structure 4

2.1.4.1Article 368: procedure and types of amendment
2.1.4.2Basic structure doctrine: evolution and elements
2.1.4.3Important amendments at a glance
2.1.4.442nd and 44th Amendments

2.1.5 Union and its territory 3

2.1.6 Citizenship 3

2.1.6.1Articles 5–11: citizenship at the commencement
2.1.6.2Citizenship Act 1955 and the 2019 amendment
2.1.6.3NRI, PIO and OCI

2.1.7 Fundamental Rights 15

2.1.7.1Fundamental Rights: overview and features
2.1.7.2Article 12 (State) and Article 13 (laws void)
2.1.7.3Article 14: equality before law
2.1.7.4Articles 15–16: non-discrimination and reservation
2.1.7.5Articles 17–18: untouchability and titles
2.1.7.6Article 19: the six freedoms
2.1.7.7Article 20: protection in respect of conviction
2.1.7.8Articles 21 and 21A: life, liberty and education
2.1.7.9Article 22: arrest and preventive detention
2.1.7.10Articles 23–24: right against exploitation
2.1.7.11Articles 25–28: freedom of religion
2.1.7.12Articles 29–30: cultural and educational rights
2.1.7.13Article 32 and the writs
2.1.7.14Articles 31A–31C, 33–35 and limits on Fundamental Rights
2.1.7.15Right to property: from Article 31 to Article 300A

2.1.8 DPSP and Fundamental Duties 4

2.2.1 Union executive 9

2.2.1.1President: election, qualifications and term
2.2.1.2President: executive, legislative and financial powers
2.2.1.3Ordinances (Article 123) and veto powers
2.2.1.4Pardoning power (Article 72) and impeachment
2.2.1.5Vice-President
2.2.1.6Prime Minister
2.2.1.7Council of Ministers and the Cabinet
2.2.1.8Cabinet committees and the PMO
2.2.1.9Attorney General and Solicitor General

2.2.2 Parliament 10

2.3.1 Judiciary 7

2.3.1.1Supreme Court: composition, appointment and the collegium
2.3.1.2Supreme Court: jurisdiction and powers
2.3.1.3High Courts
2.3.1.4Subordinate courts
2.3.1.5Judicial review, judicial activism and PIL
2.3.1.6Tribunals
2.3.1.7Legal services, Lok Adalats, Gram Nyayalayas and ADR

2.2.3 State executive and legislature 5

2.2.3.1Governor: appointment, powers and discretion
2.2.3.2Chief Minister and the state Council of Ministers
2.2.3.3State legislature: Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council
2.2.3.4Legislative procedure in the states
2.2.3.5Advocate General of the state

2.2.4 Centre–State relations 5

2.2.4.1Legislative relations: the three lists
2.2.4.2Administrative relations
2.2.4.3Financial relations
2.2.4.4Inter-state relations: water disputes, councils and zonal councils
2.2.4.5Commissions on Centre–State relations

2.4.1 Local government 7

2.4.1.1Panchayati raj: evolution and committees
2.4.1.273rd Amendment: panchayats (Part IX)
2.4.1.374th Amendment: municipalities (Part IXA)
2.4.1.4Types of urban local bodies
2.4.1.5PESA 1996 and local government in scheduled areas
2.4.1.6Local government in Andhra Pradesh
2.4.1.7Co-operative societies (97th Amendment)

2.4.2 Constitutional bodies 7

2.4.2.1Election Commission
2.4.2.2UPSC, State PSCs and Joint PSCs
2.4.2.3Finance Commission
2.4.2.4GST Council
2.4.2.5Comptroller and Auditor General
2.4.2.6NCSC, NCST and NCBC
2.4.2.7Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities

2.5.1 Statutory and non-constitutional bodies 6

2.5.1.1NITI Aayog
2.5.1.2National and State Human Rights Commissions
2.5.1.3Central and State Information Commissions
2.5.1.4CVC, CBI and NIA
2.5.1.5Lokpal and Lokayuktas
2.5.1.6Commissions for women, children, minorities and consumers

2.3.2 Elections 6

2.3.2.1Electoral system and the election process
2.3.2.2Representation of the People Acts 1950 and 1951
2.3.2.3Political parties: registration, recognition and symbols
2.3.2.4Anti-defection law (Tenth Schedule)
2.3.2.5Delimitation
2.3.2.6Electoral reforms

2.3.3 Emergency, special provisions and schedules 7

2.3.3.1National emergency (Article 352)
2.3.3.2President's rule (Article 356)
2.3.3.3Financial emergency (Article 360)
2.3.3.4Special provisions for states: Articles 371 to 371J
2.3.3.5Fifth and Sixth Schedules: scheduled and tribal areas
2.3.3.6Official language (Part XVII)
2.3.3.7The twelve schedules

2.4.3 Governance, public policy and e-Governance 8

2.7.1 International relations and India's foreign policy 6

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