APPSC Group 1 · Study notes
Science and technology notes for APPSC Group 1
74 notes in 15 chapters. Open a chapter, or go straight to a note.
2.6.1 Living world, cell and genetics 5
2.6.2 Human body systems 5
2.6.3 Nutrition, diseases and vaccines 5
- 2.6.3.1Nutrition: vitamins, minerals, deficiency and lifestyle diseases
- 2.6.3.2Communicable diseases: bacterial, viral, protozoan and fungal
- 2.6.3.3Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases: malaria, dengue, kala-azar and Nipah
- 2.6.3.4Immunity and vaccines: types, history, COVID-19 vaccines and the immunisation programme
- 2.6.3.5Antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance and drug discovery
2.6.4 Health schemes and institutions 3
2.3.1 Space programme: organisation, rockets and satellites 5
- 2.3.1.1Indian space programme: Sarabhai, INCOSPAR, ISRO and its centres
- 2.3.1.2Rocket propulsion and launch vehicles: SLV to LVM3 and SSLV
- 2.3.1.3Orbits: LEO, sun-synchronous, geostationary and Lagrange points
- 2.3.1.4Satellite applications: communication, weather, navigation (NavIC, GAGAN) and remote sensing
- 2.3.1.5Space sector reform: Space Policy 2023, IN-SPACe, NSIL and private launchers
2.3.2 Space missions 5
- 2.3.2.1Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2 and Mangalyaan
- 2.3.2.2Chandrayaan-3: Vikram, Pragyan, payloads and findings
- 2.3.2.3Space observatories: AstroSat, Aditya-L1 and XPoSat
- 2.3.2.4Human spaceflight: Rakesh Sharma to Gaganyaan, Axiom-4 and Bharatiya Antariksh Station
- 2.3.2.5SpaDeX, reusable launch vehicle and future missions: Chandrayaan-4, LUPEX and NISAR
2.3.3 Defence technology 7
- 2.3.3.1DRDO, defence PSUs and indigenisation: corridors, iDEX and exports
- 2.3.3.2Missile basics: ballistic, cruise, hypersonic and MIRV
- 2.3.3.3IGMDP and strategic missiles: Prithvi, Agni and the K-series
- 2.3.3.4BrahMos and cruise missiles: Nirbhay and exports
- 2.3.3.5Air defence and anti-satellite: Akash, Astra, ballistic missile defence and Mission Shakti
- 2.3.3.6Combat aircraft and helicopters: Tejas, Rafale, Prachand, Dhruv and AEW&C
- 2.3.3.7Naval platforms: aircraft carriers, warships and submarines (Kalvari, Arihant)
2.4.1 Nuclear technology 6
- 2.4.1.1Radioactivity, fission and fusion: from chain reaction to ITER
- 2.4.1.2Nuclear reactor: components, types and research reactors (Apsara, CIRUS, Dhruva)
- 2.4.1.3Bhabha, DAE and the three-stage programme: PHWR, fast breeder and thorium
- 2.4.1.4Atomic minerals and nuclear power stations of India
- 2.4.1.5Pokhran tests and India's nuclear doctrine
- 2.4.1.6Nuclear treaties, regulation and liability: NPT, CTBT, NSG, 123 Agreement, AERB, SHANTI Act and the Nuclear Energy Mission
2.6.5 Biotechnology 7
- 2.6.5.1Recombinant DNA technology: restriction enzymes, vectors and PCR
- 2.6.5.2GM crops: Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, GM mustard and golden rice
- 2.6.5.3Genome editing: CRISPR-Cas9 and genome-edited crops
- 2.6.5.4Medical biotechnology: recombinant insulin, gene therapy and diagnostics (ELISA, PCR)
- 2.6.5.5Cloning, transgenic animals and stem cells
- 2.6.5.6Microbes in agriculture and industry: biofertilisers, biocontrol and fermentation
- 2.6.5.7Biosafety and biotech policy: GEAC, Cartagena Protocol, Genome India and BioE3
2.2.1 Computers, communication and Digital India 4
- 2.2.1.1Computer and internet basics: hardware, software, WWW and protocols
- 2.2.1.2Telecom: 1G to 5G, optical fibre, satellite internet, Li-Fi and BharatNet
- 2.2.1.3Semiconductors and supercomputers: India Semiconductor Mission, PARAM and AIRAWAT
- 2.2.1.4Digital India and digital public infrastructure: Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker and ONDC
2.2.2 Emerging technologies 6
- 2.2.2.1Artificial intelligence: machine learning, generative AI and the IndiaAI Mission
- 2.2.2.2Quantum technology: qubits and the National Quantum Mission
- 2.2.2.3Blockchain, cryptocurrency and the digital rupee
- 2.2.2.4Cloud computing, IoT, big data and AR/VR
- 2.2.2.5Nanotechnology: properties, applications and the Nano Mission
- 2.2.2.6Robotics, drones and 3D printing
2.2.3 Cyber security and cyber laws 3
2.4.2 Energy: conventional and renewable 7
- 2.4.2.1Coal and lignite: types, coalfields and thermal power
- 2.4.2.2Petroleum and natural gas: oil fields, refining, pipelines, LPG and CNG
- 2.4.2.3Hydro, wind, tidal and geothermal energy
- 2.4.2.4Solar energy: photovoltaics, solar parks, National Solar Mission and PM-Surya Ghar
- 2.4.2.5Bioenergy: biogas, biofuels, ethanol blending and GOBARdhan
- 2.4.2.6Green hydrogen, fuel cells and energy storage
- 2.4.2.7Energy transition: India's energy mix, efficiency schemes, electric vehicles, ISA and 2030 and 2070 targets
2.6.6 Intellectual property rights 3
2.1.1 Science policy, institutions and awards 3
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