Mains Paper II · 4 Environment & Ecology · 4.3 Biodiversity and species

4.3.4 Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, invasive alien species and extinction

Species are being lost far faster than the natural rate, mainly because of habitat loss, over-exploitation, invasive alien species and co-extinctions — the "Evil Quartet" — with climate change and pollution adding pressure.

  • APPSC Group 2 · Mains Paper II
  • Advanced level
  • 8 min read
  • Full course

Key terms

  • evil quartet
  • habitat loss
  • fragmentation
  • over-exploitation
  • invasive alien species
  • co-extinction
  • mass extinction
  • Parthenium
  • Lantana
  • water hyacinth
  • Nile perch
  • African catfish

What this note covers

  1. Core factsFoundation
  2. ExplainedStandard
  3. DeeperAdvanced
  4. Mains writingMains writing
  5. Common trapsFoundation
  6. Quick revisionFoundation

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