APPSC Group 2 · Study notes
Science and technology notes for APPSC Group 2
71 notes in 14 chapters. Open a chapter, or go straight to a note.
3.1 Living world, cell and genetics 5
3.2 Human body systems 5
3.3 Nutrition, diseases and vaccines 5
- 3.3.1Nutrition: vitamins, minerals, deficiency and lifestyle diseases
- 3.3.2Communicable diseases: bacterial, viral, protozoan and fungal
- 3.3.3Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases: malaria, dengue, kala-azar and Nipah
- 3.3.4Immunity and vaccines: types, history, COVID-19 vaccines and the immunisation programme
- 3.3.5Antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance and drug discovery
3.4 Health schemes and institutions 3
3.5 Space programme: organisation, rockets and satellites 5
- 3.5.1Indian space programme: Sarabhai, INCOSPAR, ISRO and its centres
- 3.5.2Rocket propulsion and launch vehicles: SLV to LVM3 and SSLV
- 3.5.3Orbits: LEO, sun-synchronous, geostationary and Lagrange points
- 3.5.4Satellite applications: communication, weather, navigation (NavIC, GAGAN) and remote sensing
- 3.5.5Space sector reform: Space Policy 2023, IN-SPACe, NSIL and private launchers
3.6 Space missions 5
- 3.6.1Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2 and Mangalyaan
- 3.6.2Chandrayaan-3: Vikram, Pragyan, payloads and findings
- 3.6.3Space observatories: AstroSat, Aditya-L1 and XPoSat
- 3.6.4Human spaceflight: Rakesh Sharma to Gaganyaan, Axiom-4 and Bharatiya Antariksh Station
- 3.6.5SpaDeX, reusable launch vehicle and future missions: Chandrayaan-4, LUPEX and NISAR
3.7 Defence technology 7
- 3.7.1DRDO, defence PSUs and indigenisation: corridors, iDEX and exports
- 3.7.2Missile basics: ballistic, cruise, hypersonic and MIRV
- 3.7.3IGMDP and strategic missiles: Prithvi, Agni and the K-series
- 3.7.4BrahMos and cruise missiles: Nirbhay and exports
- 3.7.5Air defence and anti-satellite: Akash, Astra, ballistic missile defence and Mission Shakti
- 3.7.6Combat aircraft and helicopters: Tejas, Rafale, Prachand, Dhruv and AEW&C
- 3.7.7Naval platforms: aircraft carriers, warships and submarines (Kalvari, Arihant)
3.8 Nuclear technology 6
- 3.8.1Radioactivity, fission and fusion: from chain reaction to ITER
- 3.8.2Nuclear reactor: components, types and research reactors (Apsara, CIRUS, Dhruva)
- 3.8.3Bhabha, DAE and the three-stage programme: PHWR, fast breeder and thorium
- 3.8.4Atomic minerals and nuclear power stations of India
- 3.8.5Pokhran tests and India's nuclear doctrine
- 3.8.6Nuclear treaties, regulation and liability: NPT, CTBT, NSG, 123 Agreement, AERB, SHANTI Act and the Nuclear Energy Mission
3.9 Biotechnology 7
- 3.9.1Recombinant DNA technology: restriction enzymes, vectors and PCR
- 3.9.2GM crops: Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, GM mustard and golden rice
- 3.9.3Genome editing: CRISPR-Cas9 and genome-edited crops
- 3.9.4Medical biotechnology: recombinant insulin, gene therapy and diagnostics (ELISA, PCR)
- 3.9.5Cloning, transgenic animals and stem cells
- 3.9.6Microbes in agriculture and industry: biofertilisers, biocontrol and fermentation
- 3.9.7Biosafety and biotech policy: GEAC, Cartagena Protocol, Genome India and BioE3
3.10 Computers, communication and Digital India 4
- 3.10.1Computer and internet basics: hardware, software, WWW and protocols
- 3.10.2Telecom: 1G to 5G, optical fibre, satellite internet, Li-Fi and BharatNet
- 3.10.3Semiconductors and supercomputers: India Semiconductor Mission, PARAM and AIRAWAT
- 3.10.4Digital India and digital public infrastructure: Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker and ONDC
3.11 Emerging technologies 6
- 3.11.1Artificial intelligence: machine learning, generative AI and the IndiaAI Mission
- 3.11.2Quantum technology: qubits and the National Quantum Mission
- 3.11.3Blockchain, cryptocurrency and the digital rupee
- 3.11.4Cloud computing, IoT, big data and AR/VR
- 3.11.5Nanotechnology: properties, applications and the Nano Mission
- 3.11.6Robotics, drones and 3D printing
3.12 Cyber security and cyber laws 3
3.13 Energy: conventional and renewable 7
- 3.13.1Coal and lignite: types, coalfields and thermal power
- 3.13.2Petroleum and natural gas: oil fields, refining, pipelines, LPG and CNG
- 3.13.3Hydro, wind, tidal and geothermal energy
- 3.13.4Solar energy: photovoltaics, solar parks, National Solar Mission and PM-Surya Ghar
- 3.13.5Bioenergy: biogas, biofuels, ethanol blending and GOBARdhan
- 3.13.6Green hydrogen, fuel cells and energy storage
- 3.13.7Energy transition: India's energy mix, efficiency schemes, electric vehicles, ISA and 2030 and 2070 targets
3.14 Intellectual property rights 3
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