3.10 Computers, communication and Digital India notes

1. 3.10.1Computer and internet basics: hardware, software, WWW and protocols

   A computer has hardware (CPU, memory, storage) run by software; the Internet is a network of networks using TCP/IP, and the World Wide Web, invented by Tim Berners-Lee, is a service on top of it.

   Advanced · 5 min · Full course
2. 3.10.2Telecom: 1G to 5G, optical fibre, satellite internet, Li-Fi and BharatNet

   Mobile networks moved from analogue voice (1G) to 5G (launched in India on 1 October 2022); optical fibre carries data as light, Li-Fi uses LED light, and BharatNet is the government's village broadband fibre project.

   Advanced · 5 min · Full course
3. 3.10.3Semiconductors and supercomputers: India Semiconductor Mission, PARAM and AIRAWAT

   India Semiconductor Mission (₹76,000 crore, December 2021) funds chip fabs and packaging units such as Tata Electronics' Dholera fab, while C-DAC's PARAM series and the National Supercomputing Mission build India's high-performance computing.

   Advanced · 5 min · Full course
4. 3.10.4Digital India and digital public infrastructure: Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker and ONDC

   Digital India (2015) is built on public digital rails such as Aadhaar identity, UPI payments, DigiLocker documents and ONDC open commerce, which together are called India's digital public infrastructure.

   Advanced · 5 min · Full course

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