3 Forms of Crime, Crime in India, Punishment and Prisons · 3.2 Punishment and prisons

3.2.3 Prisons in India: Prisons Act 1894, Model Prison Manual 2016, Model Prisons Act 2023 and the prison as a community

India still runs its prisons under the colonial Prisons Act, 1894, but prisons are a State List subject, so each State has its own rules and manual; the Centre guides them through the Model Prison Manual 2016 and the Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act 2023, while sociologists study the prison as a closed community with its own culture (Clemmer's prisonisation, Goffman's total institution, Bentham's Panopticon).

  • APPSC Paper I
  • Standard level
  • 16 min read
  • Full course

Key terms

  • Prisons Act 1894
  • Act IX of 1894
  • section 3 definitions
  • prison
  • criminal prisoner
  • civil prisoner
  • remission system
  • history-ticket
  • Inspector General of Prisons
  • Superintendent
  • separation of prisoners section 27
  • solitary confinement
  • irons section 56
  • prison offences
  • section 59 rules
  • official and non-official visitors
  • Prisoners Act 1900
  • Transfer of Prisoners Act 1950
  • State List Entry 4
  • Concurrent List Entry 4
  • central jail
  • district jail
  • sub jail
  • women jail
  • Borstal school
  • open jail
  • special jail
  • undertrial
  • convict
  • detenu
  • Model Prison Manual 2003
  • Model Prison Manual 2016
  • BPR&D
  • Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act 2023
  • high security jail
  • prison as a community
  • prisonisation
  • Clemmer
  • The Prison Community 1940
  • inmate code
  • Sykes
  • pains of imprisonment
  • deprivation model
  • importation model
  • Goffman
  • Asylums 1961
  • total institution
  • mortification of self
  • Panopticon
  • Bentham
  • Foucault
  • Discipline and Punish
  • NPIP
  • e-Prisons
  • NCRB Prison Statistics India

What this note covers

  1. Core factsFoundation
  2. ExplainedStandard
  3. DeeperAdvanced
  4. Common trapsFoundation
  5. Quick revisionFoundation

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