APPSC Paper I · Probation Officer Paper II: Social Work & Criminology · Topic 3

3 APPSC Paper I Forms of Crime, Crime in India, Punishment and Prisons questions with answers

92 questions from APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology question paper with answers and APPSC DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1 with answers. Try each one, then tap Show answer.

Previous-paper questions are as in the original paper. Medha AI wrote the answers and explanations.

3.1Forms of crime: white-collar, economic, corruption, organised, cyber and terror crimesNotes

  1. Q1 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q25

    Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): White-collar crimes such as hoarding, smuggling, black-marketing, monopolies,- etc. have virtually paralysed India's economic stability

    Reason (R): the problem of crime has assumed new dimensions and needs to be tackled effectively.

    1. A(A) is correct but (R) is not the correct explanation to (A).
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct.
    3. CBoth (A) and (R) are not correct.
    4. D(A) is correct and (R) is the correct explanation to (A).
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Both (A) and (R) are correct.

    Both statements are true. APPSC keyed 'both correct' without saying R explains A.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q26, final key

  2. Q2 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q30

    The United Nations Convention Against Corruption entered into force from:

    1. A31st October 2003
    2. B9th December 2003
    3. C14th December 2005
    4. D19th December 2005
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. 14th December 2005

    UNCAC was adopted on 31 October 2003, opened for signing on 9 December 2003 (Anti-Corruption Day), and entered into force on 14 December 2005.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q31, final key

  3. Q3 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q37

    "Economic offences are often subtle murders practiced on the community, sabotaging the national economy. They have to be tackled with a new seriousness." This statement was given by?

    1. AJustice P. N. Bhagvati
    2. BJustice V. R. Krishna Iyer
    3. CJustice D. Y. Chandrachud
    4. DJustice R. Malimath
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer

    Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer called economic offences subtle murders on the community that sabotage the national economy.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q38, final key

  4. Q4 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q38

    Which among the following is an economic offence?

    1. ARobbery
    2. BTheft
    3. CExtortion
    4. DTrade in human body parts
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Trade in human body parts

    Robbery, theft and extortion are ordinary property offences under the IPC; illegal trade in human organs is an organised economic offence.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q39, final key

  5. Q5 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q49

    In a crime like ‘terrorist financing’ the funds may stem from-

    1. ALegal sources
    2. BIllegal sources
    3. CBoth legal and Illegal sources
    4. DNo funds are required
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Both legal and Illegal sources

    Terrorist financing can use legal sources (donations, business income) as well as illegal ones (drugs, extortion).

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q50, final key

  6. Q6 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q53

    Phishing attack is a form of:

    1. ACyber crime
    2. BOrganized crime
    3. CHuman trafficking
    4. DFraud
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Cyber crime

    Phishing uses fake emails or websites to steal credentials, so it is classified as a cyber crime.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q54, final key

  7. Q7 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q60

    Which section of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 defines corrupt practices in relation to elections?

    1. ASection 122
    2. BSection 123
    3. CSection 124
    4. DSection 125
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Section 123

    Section 123 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 lists corrupt practices such as bribery and undue influence.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q61, final key

  8. Q8 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q61

    The committee which submitted the Report on Prevention of Corruption?

    1. ABimal Jalan Committee
    2. BSanthanam Committee
    3. CDave Committee
    4. DNarsimhan Committtee
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Santhanam Committee

    The Santhanam Committee (1962-64) reported on prevention of corruption and led to the Central Vigilance Commission.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q62, final key

  9. Q9 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q69

    The term used to denote the use of criminal law to penalize alleged, perceived or potential HIV exposure is called:

    1. AHIV penalization
    2. BHIV criminalization
    3. CHIV decriminalization
    4. DHIV Prevention
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. HIV criminalization

    Using criminal law against alleged, perceived or potential HIV exposure or transmission is called HIV criminalisation.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q70, final key

  10. Q10 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q41

    Which one of the following pairs of a section of the IT Act, 2000 and the offence is NOT correctly matched?

    1. ASection 66E – Violation of privacy
    2. BSection 67 – Cyber terrorism
    3. CSection 66C – Identity theft
    4. DSection 66D – Cheating by personation using a computer resource
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Section 67 – Cyber terrorism

    Section 67 punishes publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form. Cyber terrorism is Section 66F.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  11. Q11 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q46

    Consider the following statements about the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002:

    1. 'Proceeds of crime' are property derived from criminal activity relating to a scheduled offence.

    2. The Supreme Court upheld its key provisions in Vijay Madanlal Choudhary v. Union of India (2022).

    3. The Act came into force on the day it received assent in 2003.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 and 3 only
    3. C1, 2 and 3
    4. D1 and 2 only
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. 1 and 2 only

    Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Act was enacted in 2002 (assent January 2003) but came into force only on 1 July 2005.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  12. Q12 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q51

    Which one of the following Act–year pairs is NOT correctly matched?

    1. APrevention of Money Laundering Act – 2002
    2. BBenami Transactions (Prohibition) Act – 1988
    3. CFugitive Economic Offenders Act – 2018
    4. DWhistle Blowers Protection Act – 2011
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Whistle Blowers Protection Act – 2011

    The Whistle Blowers Protection Act was passed and received assent in 2014. The other pairs are correct.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  13. Q13 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q56

    Consider the following statements about the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019:

    1. It lets the Central Government designate individuals as terrorists.

    2. It allows NIA officers of the rank of Inspector and above to investigate UAPA cases.

    3. It abolished the National Investigation Agency.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 and 3 only
    3. C1, 2 and 3
    4. D1 and 2 only
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. 1 and 2 only

    The 2019 amendment added the power to list individuals (Fourth Schedule) and let NIA officers of Inspector rank investigate. The NIA was not abolished; its powers were widened the same year.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  14. Q14 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q61

    Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): Cyber crimes are harder to investigate than many conventional crimes.

    Reason (R): The offender may act from another country, and digital evidence can be altered or erased quickly.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Both are correct. Cross-border reach and the volatility of digital evidence are the main reasons cyber crimes are hard to detect, investigate and prosecute.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  15. Q15 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q66

    Under Section 4 of the PMLA, 2002, money laundering not linked to NDPS Act offences is punishable with rigorous imprisonment of:

    1. A1 to 3 years
    2. B7 to 14 years
    3. C5 to 10 years
    4. D3 to 7 years
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. 3 to 7 years

    Section 4 prescribes rigorous imprisonment of not less than 3 years, extendable to 7 years, and fine; the maximum is 10 years where the proceeds relate to NDPS Act offences.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  16. Q16 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q71

    In which year did Edwin Sutherland first present the concept of white-collar crime, in his presidential address to the American Sociological Society?

    1. A1924
    2. B1934
    3. C1939
    4. D1949
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. 1939

    Sutherland's presidential address 'White-Collar Criminality' was delivered in December 1939; his book White Collar Crime followed in 1949.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  17. Q17 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q76

    Who introduced the term 'white-collar crime' into criminology?

    1. AEdwin H. Sutherland
    2. BDonald R. Cressey
    3. CRobert K. Merton
    4. DMarshall B. Clinard
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Edwin H. Sutherland

    Edwin Sutherland coined 'white-collar crime' in his 1939 address to the American Sociological Society and developed it in the book White Collar Crime (1949).

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  18. Q18 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q81

    Which act was made a specific offence by the Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018?

    1. ALaundering the proceeds of crime
    2. BEvading income tax
    3. CGiving a bribe to a public servant
    4. DHolding benami property
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Giving a bribe to a public servant

    New Section 8 makes giving or promising an undue advantage to a public servant an offence; Section 9 makes commercial organisations liable for bribes given on their behalf.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  19. Q19 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q86

    Who distinguished 'occupational crime' (committed by individuals for themselves) from 'corporate crime' (committed for the corporation)?

    1. AMarshall Clinard and Richard Quinney
    2. BEdwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey
    3. CClifford Shaw and Henry McKay
    4. DRichard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Marshall Clinard and Richard Quinney

    Clinard and Quinney, in their typology of criminal behaviour systems, split white-collar crime into occupational crime and corporate crime.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

3.1Crime in India: patterns and trends, crimes against women and children, agencies and victimologyNotes

  1. Q20 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q34

    Lie Detector test or Polygraph test is an aid to:

    1. AInvestigative process
    2. BCorrectional process
    3. CRehabilitative process
    4. DReformative process
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Investigative process

    A polygraph records body responses during questioning; it is a tool for investigation (consent is needed: Selvi v State of Karnataka, 2010).

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q35, final key

  2. Q21 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q36

    The provisions relating to the Victim compensation scheme has been inserted in:

    1. ACode of Criminal Procedure 1972
    2. BIndian Penal Code 1860
    3. CIndian Evidence Act 1872
    4. DVictim Compensation Act 1987
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Code of Criminal Procedure 1972

    Section 357A (victim compensation scheme) was inserted in the Code of Criminal Procedure in 2009. The Code is of 1973; the option says 1972.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q37, final key

  3. Q22 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q39

    Restitution to a victim of crime used to be paid by:

    1. AJudiciary
    2. BOffender
    3. CState
    4. DPolice
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Offender

    Restitution means the offender pays back or makes good the victim's loss. Compensation from public funds is paid by the state.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q40, final key

  4. Q23 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q44

    The recent criminal law amendment in year 2013 took place after which case?

    1. ANALSA VS Union of India
    2. BLaxmi Vs Union of India
    3. CArnseh Kumar Vs State of Bihar
    4. DNirbhaya Gang Rape case
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Nirbhaya Gang Rape case

    The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 followed the December 2012 Delhi gang rape (Nirbhaya) and the Justice Verma Committee report.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q45, final key

  5. Q24 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q46

    Incest Rape is a crime which is related to:

    1. ARape committed by husband or in laws
    2. BRape committed by the blood relation like father, brother etc.
    3. CRape committed by police officer
    4. DRape committed in hospital
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Rape committed by the blood relation like father, brother etc.

    Incest is sexual intercourse between close blood relatives, such as father or brother.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q47, final key

  6. Q25 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q47

    NCRB stands for?

    1. ANational Crime Record Bureau
    2. BNational Crime Report Bureau
    3. CNational Crime Record Board
    4. DNational Crime Report Board
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. National Crime Record Bureau

    NCRB is the National Crime Records Bureau (1986), which publishes 'Crime in India'.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q48, final key

  7. Q26 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q58

    The headquarter of National Crime Records Bureau is located in:

    1. ANew Delhi
    2. BBangalore
    3. CMumbai
    4. DKolkata
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. New Delhi

    NCRB, set up in 1986 under the Ministry of Home Affairs, is headquartered in New Delhi.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q59, final key

  8. Q27 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q42

    Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): A rise in the number of crimes recorded by the NCRB always shows that the actual amount of crime in society has increased.

    Reason (R): Recorded crime depends also on how willing people are to report and how readily the police register cases, for example through e-FIR and Zero FIR.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Recorded crime is only the crime that is reported and registered. Easier registration and more awareness can raise the figures even if actual crime has not grown, so A is false and R is true.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  9. Q28 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q47

    Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): A police officer who does not record the information given to him about an acid attack or rape is himself liable to punishment.

    Reason (R): The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 added Section 166A to the IPC to punish a public servant who fails to record such information.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    IPC 166A(c), added in 2013 (now BNS 199(c)), punishes a public servant who fails to record information about offences such as acid attack, assault on women, trafficking and rape, with six months to two years' imprisonment and fine.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  10. Q29 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q52

    Match the following institutions with their headquarters:

    List – IList – II
    a. INTERPOL1. Ghaziabad
    b. National Forensic Sciences University2. Lyon
    c. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy3. Hyderabad
    d. CBI Academy4. Gandhinagar
    1. Aa-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
    2. Ba-4, b-2, c-3, d-1
    3. Ca-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
    4. Da-2, b-4, c-3, d-1
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. a-2, b-4, c-3, d-1

    INTERPOL is headquartered in Lyon (France); NFSU in Gandhinagar (Gujarat); the SVP National Police Academy, which trains IPS officers, in Hyderabad; and the CBI Academy in Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh).

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  11. Q30 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q57

    Which one of the following is NOT one of the three elements of Cohen and Felson's routine activity theory?

    1. AA motivated offender
    2. BA suitable target
    3. CAbsence of a capable guardian
    4. DWeak social bonds
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Weak social bonds

    Routine activity theory (1979) says crime happens when a motivated offender and a suitable target meet in the absence of a capable guardian, in the course of daily routines.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  12. Q31 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q62

    The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into force on:

    1. A25 December 2023
    2. B1 July 2024
    3. C26 January 2024
    4. D1 April 2024
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. 1 July 2024

    The BNS replaced the IPC 1860, the BNSS replaced the CrPC 1973 and the BSA replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872, all from 1 July 2024.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  13. Q32 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q67

    Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid (IPC 326A, added in 2013) is now dealt with under which section of the BNS?

    1. ASection 115
    2. BSection 117
    3. CSection 118
    4. DSection 124
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Section 124

    IPC 326A (acid attack) and 326B (attempt to throw acid) are now BNS 124(1) and 124(2). Punishment under 124(1) is at least ten years, extendable to life, with fine paid to the victim.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  14. Q33 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q72

    The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was set up under an Act passed in which year, after the Mumbai terror attacks of November 2008?

    1. A2002
    2. B2004
    3. C2019
    4. D2008
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. 2008

    The National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 created a central agency, under the Ministry of Home Affairs with headquarters in New Delhi, to investigate terror and other scheduled offences.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  15. Q34 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q77

    In which case did the Supreme Court (1995) direct the setting up of a Criminal Injuries Compensation Board to compensate rape victims?

    1. ADelhi Domestic Working Women's Forum v. Union of India
    2. BVishaka v. State of Rajasthan
    3. CLaxmi v. Union of India
    4. DRudul Sah v. State of Bihar
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Delhi Domestic Working Women's Forum v. Union of India

    In Delhi Domestic Working Women's Forum (1995) the Court called for legal help for rape victims, anonymity, and a Criminal Injuries Compensation Board, ideas later reflected in Section 357A.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  16. Q35 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q82

    Section 357A of the CrPC, which required every State to frame a victim compensation scheme, was inserted by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act of:

    1. A1973
    2. B2005
    3. C2008
    4. D2013
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. 2008

    The 2008 amendment added Section 357A (victim compensation scheme) and a definition of 'victim'. The 2013 amendment added 357B (compensation in addition to fine for acid attack) and 357C (free treatment of victims).

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  17. Q36 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q87

    Disclosing the identity of a victim of rape (old IPC Section 228A) is an offence under which section of the BNS?

    1. ASection 72
    2. BSection 70
    3. CSection 73
    4. DSection 74
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Section 72

    BNS 72 (old IPC 228A) bars printing or publishing the name or any matter that may reveal the identity of a rape victim, with up to two years' imprisonment.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

3.2Punishment: definition, nature and theories; corporal and capital punishment, sentencing and pardonNotes

  1. Q37 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q41

    Among the following which country awards death penalty to offenders by lethal injunction?

    1. AGermany
    2. BUnited States of America
    3. CBrazil
    4. DUkraine
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. United States of America

    The United States carries out executions by lethal injection ('injunction' in the question is a misprint). Germany, Brazil (for peacetime crimes) and Ukraine have abolished the death penalty.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q42, final key

  2. Q38 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q63

    Which country among the following does not have capital punishment?

    1. AUnited Kingdom
    2. BUnited States of America
    3. CIndia
    4. DChina
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. United Kingdom

    The United Kingdom abolished the death penalty (fully by 1998); the USA, India and China retain it.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q64, final key

  3. Q39 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q65

    “Punishment is inflicted by the group in its corporate capacity upon one who is regarded as the member of the same group” – who defined it?

    1. AThomas Hobbes
    2. BSutherland
    3. CEnrico Ferri
    4. DE Westermark
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Sutherland

    This definition of punishment, as suffering inflicted by a group in its corporate capacity on its own member, is from Sutherland (and Cressey).

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q66, final key

  4. Q40 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q68

    The Supreme court of India in which case opined that the extreme sentence of death should not be inflicted save in the ‘rarest of rare’ cases when alternative option is unquestionably foreclosed?

    1. ADhananjay Chatterjee Vs State of West Bengal
    2. BBacchan Singh Vs State of Punjab
    3. CMacchi Singh Vs State of Punjab
    4. DMithu Vs State of Punjab
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Bacchan Singh Vs State of Punjab

    Bachan Singh v State of Punjab (1980) upheld the death penalty but limited it to the 'rarest of rare' cases.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q69, final key

  5. Q41 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q70

    Proponents of this Theory of punishment argue that for this punitive model to work, it is necessary that the punishment suffered by the offender must be equivalent to the pain of the victim who has suffered the consequences of offender’s wrongful actions.

    1. AExpiatory Theory
    2. BDetterent Theory
    3. CRetributive Theory
    4. DReformative Theory
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Retributive Theory

    Retributive theory demands that the punishment be proportionate to the harm caused ('eye for an eye').

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q71, final key

  6. Q42 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q72

    In what kind of sentencing, a judge makes a discretionary decision as to what the maximum and minimum sentences should be for each convicted offender?

    1. APresumptive sentencing
    2. BDeterminate sentencing
    3. CIndeterminate sentencing
    4. DMandatory sentencing
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Indeterminate sentencing

    In indeterminate sentencing the judge sets a minimum and maximum term and the release date is decided later, often by a parole board.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q73, final key

  7. Q43 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q111

    Under which theory, severe punishments are inflicted upon the offender so that he abstains from committing a crime in future and it would also be a lesson to the other members of the society, as to what can be the consequences of committing a crime?

    1. ARetributive theory
    2. BReformative theory
    3. CDeterrent theory
    4. DPreventive theory
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Deterrent theory

    Deterrent theory uses severe punishment to stop the offender from repeating the crime and to warn others in society.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q114, final key

  8. Q44 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q113

    In which case the Supreme Court expressed its reservation on mercy petitions by persons convicted under TADA and other similar statutes and said that they stand on a different footing than the petitions filed by persons convicted under general law?

    1. ATV Vatheeswaran Vs State of Tamil Nadu
    2. BHussainara Khatoon Vs Home Secretory, Bihar
    3. CA.K. Kriapak Vs Union of India
    4. DDevender Pal Singh Bhullar & Anr. Vs State of NCT of Delhi
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Devender Pal Singh Bhullar & Anr. Vs State of NCT of Delhi

    In Devender Pal Singh Bhullar v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2013, the Supreme Court said delay in deciding mercy petitions of TADA-type terror convicts stands on a different footing from that of ordinary convicts; Shatrughan Chauhan (2014) later overruled this.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q116, final key

  9. Q45 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q127

    Article 161 of the Constitution of India states provisions related to -

    1. APardoning power of the President of India
    2. BPardoning power of the Governor of a State
    3. CCommutation of sentence by the Supreme Court of India
    4. DCommutation of sentence by the High Court
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Pardoning power of the Governor of a State

    Article 161 gives the Governor power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions and to suspend, remit or commute sentences for offences against State laws.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q130, final key

  10. Q46 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q128

    Power exercised by the President of India to grant pardon under Article 72 of the Constitution of India is?

    1. AExecutive power
    2. BLegislative power
    3. CLegal power
    4. DAdministrative power
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Executive power

    The pardoning power in Article 72 is an executive power, exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers (Maru Ram, 1980; Kehar Singh, 1989).

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q131, final key

  11. Q47 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q129

    In which case the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India held that for the purpose of calculation of the total period of imprisonment under the law, the period of imprisonment for life should be taken to equivalent to the period of imprisonment for 20 years?

    1. ALaxman Naskar Vs State of West Bengal
    2. BUnion of India Vs Navin Jindal
    3. CC Mutthumma Vs Union of India
    4. DRupan Deol Bajaj Case
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Laxman Naskar Vs State of West Bengal

    In Laxman Naskar v. State of West Bengal (2000) the Supreme Court accepted that, for remission under State rules, life imprisonment is reckoned as 20 years; it does not mean a lifer must be released after 20 years.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q132, final key

  12. Q48 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q43

    Arrange the following Supreme Court decisions on the death penalty in chronological order:

    1. Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab

    2. Jagmohan Singh v. State of U.P.

    3. Shatrughan Chauhan v. Union of India

    4. Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab

    1. A2, 1, 4, 3
    2. B1, 2, 4, 3
    3. C2, 4, 1, 3
    4. D2, 1, 3, 4
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. 2, 1, 4, 3

    Jagmohan Singh (1973), Bachan Singh (1980), Machhi Singh (1983), Shatrughan Chauhan (2014).

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  13. Q49 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q48

    Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): The retributive theory looks backward to the offence already committed.

    Reason (R): The retributive theory justifies punishment mainly by its power to deter other people in future.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is true but (R) is false
    4. D(A) is false but (R) is true
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. (A) is true but (R) is false

    (A) is true: retribution responds to the past wrong. (R) is false: deterring others in future is the deterrent theory's justification.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  14. Q50 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q53

    H. L. A. Hart listed the standard elements of legal punishment. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

    1. AIt must involve pain or other consequences normally considered unpleasant
    2. BIt must be imposed by the victim personally
    3. CIt must be for an offence against legal rules
    4. DIt must be imposed and administered by an authority constituted by the legal system
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. It must be imposed by the victim personally

    Hart's elements: unpleasant consequences, for an offence against legal rules, on an actual or supposed offender, intentionally administered by persons other than the offender, and imposed by an authority of the legal system. Private revenge by the victim is excluded.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  15. Q51 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q58

    Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): In India, life imprisonment is the rule and the death sentence the exception for murder.

    Reason (R): The Supreme Court in Bachan Singh held that death should be imposed only in the rarest of rare cases, when the alternative is unquestionably foreclosed.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is true but (R) is false
    4. D(A) is false but (R) is true
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Both are true, and Bachan Singh's rarest-of-rare doctrine is why life imprisonment is the normal sentence for murder.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  16. Q52 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q63

    Beccaria and Bentham, the main thinkers of the classical school, justified punishment chiefly on the ground of:

    1. AMoral expiation of sin
    2. BTreatment of the born criminal
    3. CVengeance of the victim's family
    4. DDeterrence of future crime
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Deterrence of future crime

    Both held that punishment is justified only so far as it prevents future crime; pain should just outweigh the pleasure of the offence.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  17. Q53 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q68

    Probation, parole, open prisons and vocational training in prisons are practical applications of which theory of punishment?

    1. AReformative theory
    2. BDeterrent theory
    3. CRetributive theory
    4. DExpiatory theory
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Reformative theory

    These measures aim at rehabilitation and the return of the offender to society, which is the reformative aim.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  18. Q54 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q73

    In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the twenty-year equivalence of life imprisonment in Section 57 IPC is only for calculating fractions of punishment and does not mean a life convict is automatically released after twenty years?

    1. AManeka Gandhi v. Union of India
    2. BHussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar
    3. CKartar Singh v. State of Punjab
    4. DLaxman Naskar v. Union of India
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Laxman Naskar v. Union of India

    In Laxman Naskar (2000) the Court held that Section 57 is for computing fractions; a life sentence lasts for the convict's natural life unless remitted or commuted.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  19. Q55 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q78

    A death sentence passed by a Court of Session cannot be executed unless it is:

    1. AApproved by the Governor
    2. BEndorsed by the Supreme Court
    3. CRatified by the State Legislature
    4. DConfirmed by the High Court
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Confirmed by the High Court

    Section 366 CrPC (now BNSS 407) requires the Sessions Court to submit the proceedings to the High Court, and the sentence is not executed until confirmed.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  20. Q56 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q83

    Under Section 235(2) of the CrPC (now Section 258(2) of the BNSS), after convicting the accused, the Sessions Judge must:

    1. ARefer the case to a probation officer in every case
    2. BObtain the consent of the prosecution to the sentence
    3. CHear the accused on the question of sentence
    4. DSend the convict to jail before sentencing
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Hear the accused on the question of sentence

    Section 235(2) CrPC, now Section 258(2) BNSS, requires a separate hearing of the accused on sentence after conviction.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  21. Q57 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q88

    In T. V. Vatheeswaran v. State of Tamil Nadu (1983), the Supreme Court held that a delay of more than how long in executing a death sentence entitles the convict to commutation, a rule later overruled?

    1. ASix months
    2. BFive years
    3. CTwo years
    4. DTen years
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Two years

    Vatheeswaran fixed two years; Sher Singh (1983) and the Constitution Bench in Triveniben (1989) rejected any fixed period.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

3.2Prisons in India and the prison as a communityNotes

  1. Q58 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q48

    What is the main law dealing with prisons in India?

    1. AThe Prisoners Act 1984
    2. BThe Prisons Act 1894
    3. CThe Transfer of Prisoners Act 1984
    4. DThe Jail Act 1984
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. The Prisons Act 1894

    The main law on prisons in India is the Prisons Act 1894 (with the Model Prisons Act 2023 offered to states).

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q49, final key

  2. Q59 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q76

    According to Section 59 (25) of the Prisons Act of 1894, who are appointed as Prison Visitors are called -

    1. AOfficial and Non Official visitors
    2. BOfficial Visitors
    3. CNGOs
    4. DNon Official Visitors
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Official and Non Official visitors

    Rules under Section 59(25) of the Prisons Act, 1894 provide for appointment of both official and non-official visitors to prisons.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q77, final key

  3. Q60 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q78

    Which among the following is the first legislation related to prisons regulation in India?

    1. APrisons Act 1984
    2. BPrisons Act 1894
    3. CPrisoners Act 1894
    4. DPrisons Act 1900
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Prisons Act 1894

    The Prisons Act, 1894 is the first comprehensive law regulating prisons in India and is still in force.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q79, final key

  4. Q61 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q79

    The term ‘Prison’ has been defined under which section of The Prisons Act 1894?

    1. ASection 2 (1)
    2. BSection 2 (2)
    3. CSection 3 (1)
    4. DSection 3 (2)
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Section 3 (1)

    Section 3(1) of the Prisons Act, 1894 defines 'prison'.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q80, final key

  5. Q62 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q81

    NPIP stands for:

    1. ANational Prison Investigation Portal
    2. BNational Prisons Information Portal
    3. CNational Program for information of Prisons
    4. DNational Plan for Information of Prisons
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. National Prisons Information Portal

    NPIP is the National Prisons Information Portal, run with e-Prisons to give information on prisons and inmates.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q82, final key

  6. Q63 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q88

    The subject matters relating to the establishment of prisons and allied matters comes under the legislative domain of the States under which list of the Constitution of India?

    1. AList I of the seventh schedule
    2. BList II of the seventh schedule
    3. CList III of the Seventh Schedule
    4. DList IV of the seventh schedule
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. List II of the seventh schedule

    'Prisons, reformatories, borstal institutions' are Entry 4 of List II (State List) of the Seventh Schedule.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q89, final key

  7. Q64 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q89

    Who among the following philosophers opined the prison system called ‘Panoptican’ as a social control mechanism?

    1. ACesare Lombrosso
    2. BSir Jeremy Bentham
    3. CCesare Beccaria
    4. DSir J.S. Mill
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Sir Jeremy Bentham

    Jeremy Bentham designed the Panopticon, a prison where one watcher can see all inmates.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q90, final key

  8. Q65 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q125

    The recently formulated Model Prison Manual, 2016 is an initiative by:

    1. AAll India Jail Committee
    2. BThe Ministry of Law & Justice
    3. CThe Ministry of Home Affairs
    4. DThe Ministry of Legislative Affairs
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. The Ministry of Home Affairs

    The Model Prison Manual 2016 was prepared by the Ministry of Home Affairs (with BPR&D) and sent to States and UTs as a guide.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q128, final key

  9. Q66 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q126

    The Model Prison Manual 2016 has prescribed the objective and detailed procedure for the pre-mature release of prisoners to:

    1. AThe Central Government
    2. BThe States only
    3. CThe States and Union Territories
    4. DOnly to Union territories
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. The States and Union Territories

    Prisons are a State subject, so the Model Prison Manual 2016 lays down premature release procedure for adoption by all States and Union Territories.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q129, final key

  10. Q67 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q44

    Match List I (author) with List II (work on prisons and institutions):

    List I

    a. Donald Clemmer

    b. Gresham Sykes

    c. Erving Goffman

    d. Michel Foucault

    List II

    1. Asylums

    2. Discipline and Punish

    3. The Prison Community

    4. The Society of Captives

    Select the correct answer:

    1. Aa-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
    2. Ba-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
    3. Ca-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
    4. Da-3, b-1, c-4, d-2
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2

    Clemmer, The Prison Community (1940); Sykes, The Society of Captives (1958); Goffman, Asylums (1961); Foucault, Discipline and Punish (1975).

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  11. Q68 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q49

    Arrange the following laws on prisons in chronological order:

    1. Transfer of Prisoners Act

    2. Prisons Act

    3. Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act

    4. Prisoners Act

    Select the correct order:

    1. A2, 4, 1, 3
    2. B4, 2, 1, 3
    3. C2, 1, 4, 3
    4. D4, 2, 3, 1
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. 2, 4, 1, 3

    Prisons Act 1894, Prisoners Act 1900, Transfer of Prisoners Act 1950, Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act 2023.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  12. Q69 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q54

    Assertion (A): Clemmer held that a prisoner with a long sentence who joins close-knit inmate groups becomes more deeply prisonized.

    Reason (R): Deep prisonization makes it harder for a prisoner to adjust to free society after release.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is true but (R) is false
    4. D(A) is false but (R) is true
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

    Clemmer listed factors that raise prisonization: a long sentence, an unstable personality, few outside contacts and membership of inmate primary groups. R states a consequence of prisonization, not the cause of its degree, so it does not explain A.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  13. Q70 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q59

    Section 27 of the Prisons Act 1894 requires certain classes of prisoners to be kept apart. Which of the following separations is NOT required by it?

    1. AFemale prisoners from male prisoners
    2. BCivil prisoners from criminal prisoners
    3. CPrisoners of one religion from those of another
    4. DUnconvicted criminal prisoners from convicted criminal prisoners
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Prisoners of one religion from those of another

    Section 27 requires separation of women from men, of male prisoners under 21 from other prisoners (and, among them, those who have reached puberty from those who have not), of unconvicted from convicted criminal prisoners, and of civil from criminal prisoners. It does not segregate prisoners by religion.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  14. Q71 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q64

    In the inmate argot described by Gresham Sykes, a 'rat' is an inmate who:

    1. ABetrays fellow inmates by informing to the prison staff
    2. BExploits other inmates by force
    3. CSells scarce goods to other inmates
    4. DKeeps the inmate code and does his time with dignity
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Betrays fellow inmates by informing to the prison staff

    Sykes's argot roles include the rat (informer), the center man (sides with officials), the gorilla (takes by force), the merchant (trades goods) and the real man (keeps the code).

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  15. Q72 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q69

    Under Section 479 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, a first-time offender who has been in detention as an undertrial for up to what part of the maximum sentence for the offence shall be released on bond by the court?

    1. AOne-fourth
    2. BOne-third
    3. COne-half
    4. DTwo-thirds
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. One-third

    BNSS s.479 (replacing CrPC s.436A) keeps the one-half rule for undertrials generally but reduces it to one-third for first-time offenders. It does not apply to offences punishable with death or life imprisonment, and the jail superintendent must move the court.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  16. Q73 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q74

    A 'detenu' in prison statistics means a person who is:

    1. AHeld under a preventive detention law without being convicted of an offence
    2. BConvicted and awaiting confirmation of a death sentence
    3. CHeld in prison for failing to pay a civil debt
    4. DUnder trial for an offence punishable with life imprisonment
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Held under a preventive detention law without being convicted of an offence

    A detenu is held under a preventive detention law (for example the National Security Act 1980 or a State goondas Act) to prevent a feared act, not as punishment after trial.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  17. Q74 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q79

    The prison system in which inmates worked together in silence by day and slept in separate cells at night is known as the:

    1. APennsylvania system
    2. BAuburn system
    3. CIrish system
    4. DElmira system
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Auburn system

    The Auburn (silent or congregate) system of New York had congregate work in silence by day and separate cells at night. The Pennsylvania (separate) system kept prisoners alone in their cells day and night.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  18. Q75 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q84

    The Transfer of Prisoners Act 1950 provides for:

    1. AThe transfer of foreign prisoners to their own countries to serve the rest of their sentences
    2. BThe removal of prisoners from one State to another
    3. CThe shifting of an accused from police custody to judicial custody
    4. DThe release of first offenders on probation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. The removal of prisoners from one State to another

    The Transfer of Prisoners Act 1950 lets prisoners be removed from a prison in one State to a prison in another with the consent of both governments. Transfer of foreign prisoners is under the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 2003.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

3.2Prison programmes and reforms: committees, prisoners' rights and international standardsNotes

  1. Q76 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q64

    The famous case related directions given to Prison authorities and police on providing legal aid to the poor prisoners.

    1. AADM Jabalpur Vs Shivakant Shukla
    2. BSeema Vs Ashvini Kumar
    3. CSheela Barse Vs Union of India
    4. DM. H. Haskot Vs State of Maharshtra
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Sheela Barse Vs Union of India

    Sheela Barse cases (1983 and 1986) led to Supreme Court directions to police and jail authorities on legal aid and protection of prisoners; the key names Sheela Barse.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q65, final key

  2. Q77 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q66

    Which Committee for the very first time recommended the principle of reformation and rehabilitation of offenders?

    1. AJustice V. R. Krishna Iyer Committee (1986)
    2. BSarkaria Commission (1983)
    3. CAll India Jails Reform Committee (1980-83)
    4. DIndian Jails Committee (1919-1920)
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Indian Jails Committee (1919-1920)

    The Indian Jails Committee 1919-20 was the first to state that reformation and rehabilitation of offenders should be objects of prison administration.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q67, final key

  3. Q78 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q77

    National Committee on Women Prisoners was appointed under the authority of _____.

    1. AJustice V R Krishna Iyer
    2. BJustice P N Bhagavati
    3. CJustice Nani A Palkhiwala
    4. DJustice Sacheendra Dwivedi
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Justice V R Krishna Iyer

    The National Expert Committee on Women Prisoners (1986-87) was chaired by Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q78, final key

  4. Q79 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q83

    In which case the Supreme Court has emphasized upon reducing overcrowding in prison and upon giving proper medical care to the prisoners?

    1. ASunil Batra Vs Delhi Administration
    2. BMinerva Mills Vs Union of India
    3. CRama Murthy Vs State of Karnataka
    4. DManeka Gandhi Vs Union of India
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Rama Murthy Vs State of Karnataka

    In Rama Murthy v State of Karnataka (1997) the Supreme Court listed prison problems including overcrowding and poor medical care and gave directions.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q84, final key

  5. Q80 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q84

    In case the rights available to prisoners under the constitution are violated by the State or its authorities the prisoner can avail the remedies by approaching the Supreme or High Court under:

    1. AArticle 32 of the Constitution of India
    2. BArticle 42 of the Constitution of India
    3. CArticle 52 of the Constitution of India
    4. DArticle 62 of the Constitution of India
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Article 32 of the Constitution of India

    Article 32 lets a person move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights (Article 226 for High Courts).

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q85, final key

  6. Q81 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q85

    Prison Discipline Committee in year 1836 was appointed in year by -

    1. ALord Macauley
    2. BJ Stephen
    3. CSir Alexander Paterson
    4. DGillin
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Lord Macauley

    The Prison Discipline Committee (1836-38) was set up on the initiative of Lord Macaulay.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q86, final key

  7. Q82 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q123

    The Report of the All India Committee on Jail Reforms, 1980-83 is also called as:

    1. AAll India Jail Manual Committee
    2. BIndia Jail Committee
    3. CIndian Jail Committee
    4. DMulla Committee
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Mulla Committee

    The All India Committee on Jail Reforms (1980-83) was chaired by Justice A.N. Mulla, so its report is called the Mulla Committee report.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q126, final key

  8. Q83 DPO 2023 SW & Criminology, Q130

    Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners is also known as:

    1. AMbeki Rules
    2. BKofi Annan Rules
    3. CNelson Mandela Rules
    4. DSeoul Rules
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Nelson Mandela Rules

    The revised UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (2015) are called the Nelson Mandela Rules.

    Source: APPSC DPO 2023 SW & Criminology (Notification 11/2022), Q133, final key

  9. Q84 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q45

    Select the correct answer regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): The Mulla Committee recommended that the subject 'Prisons' be placed in the Concurrent List.

    Reason (R): 'Prisons' is an entry in the Union List of the Seventh Schedule.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is true but (R) is false
    4. D(A) is false but (R) is true
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. (A) is true but (R) is false

    The Mulla Committee did recommend moving prisons to the Concurrent List. Prisons are at present in the State List (List II, Entry 4), not the Union List, so R is false.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  10. Q85 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q50

    Consider the following statements about remedies available to prisoners:

    1. A prisoner can approach a High Court under Article 226 for the enforcement of legal rights as well as fundamental rights.

    2. The right to move the Supreme Court under Article 32 is itself a fundamental right.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 only
    3. CBoth 1 and 2
    4. DNeither 1 nor 2
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Both 1 and 2

    Article 226 lets a High Court issue writs for fundamental rights 'and for any other purpose', so it is wider than Article 32. Article 32, the right to constitutional remedies, is itself in Part III and so is a fundamental right.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  11. Q86 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q55

    Match List I (committee) with List II (period):

    List I

    a. Prison Discipline Committee

    b. Indian Jails Committee

    c. All India Jail Manual Committee

    d. All India Committee on Jail Reforms

    List II

    1. 1980–83

    2. 1957–59

    3. 1836

    4. 1919–20

    1. Aa-4, b-3, c-2, d-1
    2. Ba-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
    3. Ca-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
    4. Da-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1

    Prison Discipline Committee (Macaulay) 1836; Indian Jails Committee (Cardew) 1919–20; All India Jail Manual Committee 1957–59; All India Committee on Jail Reforms (Mulla) 1980–83.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  12. Q87 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q60

    Select the correct answer regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion and Reason.

    Assertion (A): A convicted prisoner loses all his fundamental rights while serving the sentence.

    Reason (R): Article 21 says no person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is true but (R) is false
    4. D(A) is false but (R) is true
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. (A) is false but (R) is true

    D. Bhuvan Mohan Patnaik (1974) and Sunil Batra (1978) held that a prisoner keeps the fundamental rights that are not inconsistent with lawful imprisonment. R correctly states Article 21.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  13. Q88 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q65

    Which international instrument states that the penitentiary system shall include treatment of prisoners whose essential aim is their reformation and social rehabilitation?

    1. AInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966
    2. BUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
    3. CConvention against Torture, 1984
    4. DConvention on the Rights of the Child, 1989
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966

    Article 10 of the ICCPR requires that persons deprived of liberty be treated with humanity and dignity; Article 10(3) says the essential aim of the penitentiary system shall be reformation and social rehabilitation. India acceded to the ICCPR in 1979.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  14. Q89 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q70

    Which one of the following is a correctional (treatment) programme rather than a custodial measure?

    1. ADaily counting of prisoners at lock-up
    2. BVocational training in trades such as tailoring, carpentry or weaving
    3. CSearching of cells for prohibited articles
    4. DRaising the height of the outer wall
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Vocational training in trades such as tailoring, carpentry or weaving

    Correctional programmes aim at reform: education, vocational training, productive work with wages, counselling, recreation, religious and moral instruction, and aftercare. Counting, searches and walls are custodial measures.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  15. Q90 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q75

    Large-scale Vipassana meditation courses for prisoners were introduced at Tihar Jail in the mid-1990s when the Inspector General of Prisons was:

    1. AKiran Bedi
    2. BSheela Barse
    3. CJulio Ribeiro
    4. DK.P.S. Gill
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Kiran Bedi

    As Inspector General of Prisons at Tihar (1993–95), Kiran Bedi introduced reforms such as Vipassana meditation, education, panchayats and community involvement; she received the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1994.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  16. Q91 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q80

    A 'prison panchayat' as a correctional practice refers to:

    1. Aa village panchayat that decides whether a prisoner may get parole
    2. Ba court held inside the prison to try undertrials
    3. Celected committees of inmates that share in running welfare activities such as food, sanitation and recreation
    4. Da committee of prison officers that punishes jail offences
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. elected committees of inmates that share in running welfare activities such as food, sanitation and recreation

    Prison panchayats are a form of inmate self-government: elected prisoners help manage food, cleanliness, recreation and discipline. They build responsibility and are encouraged in reformative prison practice.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

  17. Q92 DPO Social Work & Criminology Mock 1, Q85

    In 2018 the Supreme Court constituted a committee to examine prison reforms, including overcrowding and the shortage of staff. It was headed by:

    1. AJustice A.N. Mulla
    2. BJustice V.S. Malimath
    3. CJustice J.S. Verma
    4. DJustice Amitava Roy
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Justice Amitava Roy

    While hearing the Re Inhuman Conditions in 1382 Prisons matter, the Supreme Court in September 2018 set up a committee headed by former Supreme Court judge Amitava Roy to examine problems in prisons and suggest reforms.

    Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC District Probation Officer Paper II (Social Work & Criminology) syllabus (12/2026)

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