3 Forms of Crime, Crime in India, Punishment and Prisons · 3.2 Punishment and prisons
3.2.1 Punishment: definition, nature and theories
Punishment is pain or loss that an organised society deliberately imposes, through lawful authority, on a person found guilty of breaking its law; the theories differ on why it is imposed: to pay back (retributive), to frighten (deterrent), to disable (preventive), to cure (reformative) or to atone (expiatory).
- APPSC Paper I
- Standard level
- 14 min read
- Full course
Key terms
- punishment
- penology
- Westermarck
- Sutherland and Cressey
- corporate capacity
- Hobbes
- Leviathan
- H.L.A. Hart
- Salmond
- retributive theory
- lex talionis
- eye for an eye
- Hammurabi
- Kant
- Hegel
- just deserts
- deterrent theory
- general deterrence
- specific deterrence
- Bentham
- Beccaria
- certainty and severity
- preventive theory
- incapacitation
- reformative theory
- rehabilitation
- positive school
- Gandhi
- expiatory theory
- prayaschitta
- compensatory theory
- restorative justice
- victim compensation
- utilitarian
- Section 53 IPC
- Section 4 BNS
- community service
- Section 23 BNSS
- fine
- forfeiture
- solitary confinement
- Section 57 IPC
- Section 6 BNS
What this note covers
- Core factsFoundation
- ExplainedStandard
- DeeperAdvanced
- Mains writingMains writing
- Common trapsFoundation
- Quick revisionFoundation
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