3 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development · 3.2 Growth and development
3.2.4 Freud, Erikson and Kohlberg: personality, psychosocial and moral development
Freud explains personality as a contest between the id, ego and superego shaped through five psychosexual stages in childhood; Erikson widens this into eight psychosocial stages across the whole life, each a crisis to resolve; Kohlberg traces how moral reasoning grows through three levels and six stages.
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Key terms
- Sigmund Freud
- psychoanalysis
- psychosexual theory
- iceberg
- epigenetic principle
- mutuality
- anal-retentive
- conscious
- preconscious
- unconscious
- id
- ego
- superego
- pleasure principle
- reality principle
- morality principle
- libido
- psychosexual stages
- oral
- anal
- phallic
- latency
- genital
- Oedipus complex
- Electra complex
- fixation
- defence mechanisms
- Erik Erikson
- psychosocial stages
- identity crisis
- trust vs mistrust
- autonomy vs shame
- initiative vs guilt
- industry vs inferiority
- identity vs role confusion
- generativity
- ego integrity
- Lawrence Kohlberg
- moral reasoning
- Heinz dilemma
- preconventional
- conventional
- postconventional
- Carol Gilligan
What this note covers
- Core factsFoundation
- ExplainedStandard
- DeeperAdvanced
- Common trapsFoundation
- Quick revisionFoundation
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