2.1 Sociological foundations of education notes

1. 2.1.1Sociology of education and socialisation

   Educational sociology applies sociology to improve education, while the sociology of education studies education scientifically as a social institution; both rest on the idea (from Durkheim) that education is the socialisation of the young, the lifelong process through which a child gains a self (Cooley's looking-glass self, Mead's I and me) and a culture through agencies from the family to the media and the library.

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2. 2.1.2Culture, cultural lag and social change

   Culture is the learned, shared way of life of a group; its material side changes faster than its ideas and norms (Ogburn's cultural lag), it spreads mainly by diffusion, and education both conserves culture and changes it.

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3. 2.1.3Modernisation, stratification and social mobility

   Modernisation replaces custom and birth with reason, science and achievement; stratification ranks people by caste and class; and education is the main channel of upward social mobility, serving the social aims of democracy, secularism and socialism.

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