APPSC Paper I · Hostel Welfare Officer Paper II · Topic 2
2 APPSC Paper I Sociological Foundations of Education questions with answers
30 questions from APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II question paper with answers and APPSC HWO Paper II Mock 1 with answers. Try each one, then tap Show answer.
Previous-paper questions are as in the original paper. Medha AI wrote the answers and explanations.
2.1Sociology of education, socialisation and its agenciesNotes
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Which is the first school for child's education ?
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Answer C. Family
The family is the child's first and most informal school, where language, habits and values are first learnt.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q12, final key
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In the sociological perspective education is seen as
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Answer B. A cultural process
Sociologists see education as a social and cultural process that transmits a society's culture and values from one generation to the next.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q13, final key
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Who is the author of 'Human Nature and the Social Order' ?
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Answer B. Charles H. Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley wrote 'Human Nature and the Social Order' (1902), where he set out the looking-glass self.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q20, final key
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The concept of "Looking – Glass Self" means
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Answer C. Self is a reflection of other's perceptions
Cooley's looking-glass self says we form our self-image from how we think others see and judge us.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q21, final key
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Human Nature Develops in man as a
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Answer D. Member of a Society
Human nature is shaped through social interaction; a person becomes human by growing up as a member of society.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q65, final key
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The passive agency of socialization is
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Answer D. Public Library
Passive agencies such as libraries, press, radio and cinema influence people one way without direct interaction; the family is an active agency.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q67, final key
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Consider the following statements about socialisation:
I. Socialisation ends when a child completes school.
II. Mass media acts as a secondary agency of socialisation.
III. Resocialisation often takes place in total institutions such as prisons.
Which of the statements are correct?
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Answer B. II and III only
Socialisation is lifelong, so I is wrong. Media is a secondary agency, and resocialisation is typical of total institutions (Goffman), so II and III are right.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
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In which book did John Dewey describe the school as an 'embryonic community'?
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Answer A. The School and Society
In The School and Society (1899) Dewey argued that the school should be an embryonic community, a society in miniature where children live and work together.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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In Brown's classification of the agencies of education, which of the following is a commercial agency?
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Answer C. Cinema
Brown's commercial agencies, such as cinema, radio, television, theatre and the press, are run for profit; welfare and service bodies are non-commercial.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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A child playing cricket understands the roles of the bowler, the fielders and the umpire at the same time. In Mead's terms the child has developed a sense of the:
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Answer B. generalised other
Taking the attitudes of the whole team at once is the game stage, in which the child forms the 'generalised other', the expectations of society at large.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
2.1Modernisation, social stratification and mobilityNotes
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Which of the following is a positive impact of education on society ?
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Answer C. Promotes social mobility
Education lets people move up the social ladder through better jobs and status, which is social mobility.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q14, final key
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"The parameter role for achieving any kind of development which is great enough to benefit the whole world of the future belongs to education", said by
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Answer B. Alva Hydal
The quote on education's central role in development is attributed to the Swedish sociologist and Nobel laureate Alva Myrdal (printed as 'Alva Hydal').
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q91, final key
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Consider the following statements about the growth of schooling in India, as given in the Contemporary India and Education text:
1. Enrolment in primary schools rose from about 19 million in 1950-51 to over 110 million by 2001.
2. Despite this growth, India's educational inequality is among the lowest in the world.
3. Gaps in school participation by gender, caste and religion still persist.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
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Answer A. 1 and 3 only
Primary enrolment rose from 19.2 million (1950-51) to 113.6 million (2001), but India's educational inequality is among the highest in the world, with lasting gender, caste and religion gaps.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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The Davis-Moore explanation that stratification is necessary to fill important positions with able people belongs to which perspective?
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Answer B. Functionalist perspective
Davis and Moore (1945) gave the functionalist theory: unequal rewards motivate the most able people to fill the most important positions.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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In modern society, the main ladder of upward social mobility is
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Answer B. Education
Because jobs and status depend on qualifications, education is the main channel of upward mobility in modern society.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
2.1Culture, cultural lag and social changeNotes
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The process of imbibing one's own culture in one's personality is called
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Answer A. Enculturation
Enculturation is learning and absorbing the culture of one's own group; acculturation is taking on traits of another culture.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q18, final key
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Which of the following has a direct bearing with cultural lag ?
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Answer A. Social changes taking place at a slow speed
Ogburn's cultural lag is the gap when non-material culture (values, institutions) changes more slowly than material culture; the official key links it to slow social change.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q22, final key
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The book "Races and Culture of India" was written by
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Answer D. D. N. Majumdar
Anthropologist D. N. Majumdar wrote 'Races and Cultures of India'.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q83, final key
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The phenomenon where technology and material aspects of culture advanced more rapidly then non material aspects like customs, ethics and laws is called
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Answer C. Cultural lag
W. F. Ogburn called the delay of non-material culture in catching up with material culture 'cultural lag'.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q84, final key
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Important factor in cultural change
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Answer A. Diffusion
Most cultural change comes from diffusion, the spread of traits from one culture to another; invention and innovation are less frequent sources.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q85, final key
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Which of the following pairs of concept and thinker is NOT correctly matched?
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Answer B. Ethnocentrism - Karl Marx
Ethnocentrism comes from W. G. Sumner; Marx is linked with class struggle. The other three pairs are correct.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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Which psychologist regarded culture as the prime determinant of a child's individual development?
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Answer C. Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky held that culture, through language and social interaction, is the prime determinant of individual development.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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M. N. Srinivas first used the term 'Sanskritisation' in which book (1952)?
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Answer B. Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India
Srinivas introduced Sanskritisation in Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India (1952) and elaborated it in Social Change in Modern India (1966).
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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Which of the following is an element of non-material culture?
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Answer A. Moral values
Non-material culture is made of ideas, beliefs, values, norms, customs and language; material culture is made of physical objects created by people.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
2.2Equality of educational opportunity and education of weaker sectionsNotes
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The famous book "The Vindication of the Rights of Men" was written by
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Answer C. Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Wollstonecraft wrote 'A Vindication of the Rights of Men' (1790), followed by 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' (1792).
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q78, final key
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According to which Article, the Constitution has made provisions for special advantages for the socially and economically backward classes particularly for SC's and ST's ?
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Answer D. Article 15(4), 46
Article 15(4) lets the State make special provisions for socially and educationally backward classes, SCs and STs; Article 46 directs the State to promote their educational and economic interests.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q88, final key
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"One of the important social objectives of education is to equalize opportunity, enabling the backward or underprivileged classes and individuals to use education as a lever for the improvement of their condition". Which Education Commission stated this ?
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Answer A. Kothari Education Commission (1964-66)
The Kothari Commission report (Education and National Development, 1966) has a chapter on equalisation of educational opportunity that uses this wording.
Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q136, final key
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Education was transferred from the State List to the Concurrent List by the:
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Answer B. 42nd Amendment, 1976
The 42nd Amendment (1976) made education a Concurrent subject (Entry 25, List III), so both the Union and the States can legislate on it; the same amendment added "socialist" and "secular" to the Preamble.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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Eklavya Model Residential Schools for Scheduled Tribe children cover which classes?
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Answer B. Class VI to Class XII
Eklavya Model Residential Schools (from 1997-98) give quality residential education to ST children from Class VI to XII, on the lines of the Navodaya Vidyalayas.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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The National Policy on Education, 1986, under "Education for Equality", said that education would be used as an agent of basic change in the status of:
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Answer B. Women
NPE 1986 (para 4.2) committed education to work for women's equality and to be an agent of basic change in their status.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
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