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APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II question paper with answers

  • 142 questions
  • 150 minutes
  • +1 right · −0.33 wrong
  • Year 2025

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Questions and answers

  1. Q1 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Which of the following modern Indian Educationalist was very much naturalist ?

    1. AJ. Krishnamurthi
    2. BSri Aurobindo
    3. CRabindranath Tagore
    4. DSwami Vivekananda
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Rabindranath Tagore

    Tagore is the Indian educationist most identified with naturalism: learning in the lap of nature, as at Santiniketan, with freedom and self-expression.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q1, final key

  2. Q2 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Which of the following is a key theoretical principle of pragmatism, according to John Dewey ?

    1. AExperience
    2. BReason
    3. CFaith
    4. DTradition
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Experience

    For Dewey, knowledge grows out of experience: we learn by doing and testing ideas against their consequences.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q2, final key

  3. Q3 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    The project method in teaching is most closely associated with which Philosophical Ideology ?

    1. ANaturalism
    2. BIdealism
    3. CPragmatism
    4. DHumanism
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Pragmatism

    The project method was developed by Kilpatrick, a follower of Dewey, and is the typical pragmatist teaching method.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q3, final key

  4. Q4 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    The root word of 'Education' is

    1. AEdusat
    2. BEducare
    3. CEdu
    4. DEducate
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Educare

    'Education' is traced to the Latin 'educare' (to bring up, nourish), with 'educere' (to lead out) as the other root.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q4, final key

  5. Q5 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Who introduced the concept of Kindergarten ?

    1. AGandhi
    2. BFrobel
    3. CPlato
    4. DRousseau
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Frobel

    Friedrich Froebel opened the first kindergarten ('children's garden') in Germany in 1837-40, with gifts, occupations and play.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q5, final key

  6. Q6 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Which philosophy emphasizes on the fact, men in the world feel lonely and anxious, being unsure of their meaning and fearful of their annihilation ?

    1. ARealism
    2. BIdealism
    3. CExistentialism
    4. DPragmatism
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Existentialism

    Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sartre) centres on the lonely individual facing anxiety, freedom and the search for meaning.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q6, final key

  7. Q7 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    "My Experiments with Truth" is written by

    1. ASri Aurobindo
    2. BMahatma Gandhi
    3. CSwami Agnivesh
    4. DSwami Vivekananda
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Mahatma Gandhi

    'The Story of My Experiments with Truth' is Gandhi's autobiography, first published in Gujarati in instalments (1925-29).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q7, final key

  8. Q8 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    What is called education acquired without any specific purpose, fixed period and place ?

    1. AIndirect education
    2. BIndividual education
    3. CInformal education
    4. DFormal education
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Informal education

    Informal education happens incidentally through family, peers, media and life, with no fixed aim, time, place or syllabus.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q8, final key

  9. Q9 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education

    Champion-90 Scheme has been launched by which department of Madhya Pradesh ?

    1. ADepartment of Higher Education
    2. BDepartment of Tourism
    3. CDepartment of Tribal Affairs
    4. DDepartment of Skill Development
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Department of Tribal Affairs

    As per the official key, Madhya Pradesh's Champion-90 scheme was launched by the Tribal Affairs Department to coach tribal students for competitive exams.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q9, final key

  10. Q10 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education

    Name of the scheme launched in June 2021 by the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh to encourage digital learning among students and to bridge the digital divide between connected and sectors.

    1. AYounTab
    2. BDiksha
    3. CE-Vidya
    4. DPragyata
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. YounTab

    Ladakh's L-G launched the YounTab scheme in June 2021, giving tablets to government school students to bridge the digital divide.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q10, final key

  11. Q11 Teacher & Vocational Education

    OTPRMS certificates, which was seen in the news recently is associated with which Union Ministry ?

    1. AMinistry of Human Resources
    2. BMinistry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
    3. CMinistry of Labour and Employment
    4. DMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Ministry of Human Resources

    OTPRMS (Online Teacher Pupil Registration Management System) certificates are issued by NCTE under the Ministry of Education, earlier called the Ministry of Human Resource Development.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q11, final key

  12. Q12 Sociological Foundations of Education

    Which is the first school for child's education ?

    1. ASociety
    2. BFriends
    3. CFamily
    4. DSchool
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Family

    The family is the child's first and most informal school, where language, habits and values are first learnt.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q12, final key

  13. Q13 Sociological Foundations of Education

    In the sociological perspective education is seen as

    1. AA personal achievement
    2. BA cultural process
    3. CA political activity
    4. DA religions obligation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. A cultural process

    Sociologists see education as a social and cultural process that transmits a society's culture and values from one generation to the next.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q13, final key

  14. Q14 Sociological Foundations of Education

    Which of the following is a positive impact of education on society ?

    1. APromotes inequality
    2. BEncourages discrimination
    3. CPromotes social mobility
    4. DIncrease social conflict
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Promotes social mobility

    Education lets people move up the social ladder through better jobs and status, which is social mobility.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q14, final key

  15. Q15 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Swami Vivekananda in Chicago, 1893 "Universal Acceptance" which of the following type represents Vivekananda contribution to education ?

    1. AIntegral education
    2. BBasic education
    3. CEducation for man-making
    4. DEducation for international understanding
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Education for man-making

    Vivekananda's best-known idea about education is man-making: education that builds character, strength of mind and self-reliance.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q16, final key

  16. Q16 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    "Education of the masses" is the concept of

    1. AVivekananda
    2. BAurobindo
    3. CRousseau
    4. DGandhi
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Vivekananda

    Vivekananda insisted that neglect of the masses was India's great sin and that education must reach the poor, even taken to their doorsteps.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q17, final key

  17. Q17 Sociological Foundations of Education

    The process of imbibing one's own culture in one's personality is called

    1. AEnculturation
    2. BAcculturation
    3. CSocialization
    4. DSanskritization
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Enculturation

    Enculturation is learning and absorbing the culture of one's own group; acculturation is taking on traits of another culture.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q18, final key

  18. Q18 Sociological Foundations of Education

    Who is the author of 'Human Nature and the Social Order' ?

    1. AHerbert Spencer
    2. BCharles H. Cooley
    3. CEmile Durkheim
    4. DTalcott Parsons
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Charles H. Cooley

    Charles Horton Cooley wrote 'Human Nature and the Social Order' (1902), where he set out the looking-glass self.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q20, final key

  19. Q19 Sociological Foundations of Education

    The concept of "Looking – Glass Self" means

    1. ASelf is shaped by biological factors
    2. BSelf develops independently
    3. CSelf is a reflection of other's perceptions
    4. DSelf is fixed from birth
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Self is a reflection of other's perceptions

    Cooley's looking-glass self says we form our self-image from how we think others see and judge us.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q21, final key

  20. Q20 Sociological Foundations of Education

    Which of the following has a direct bearing with cultural lag ?

    1. ASocial changes taking place at a slow speed
    2. BSocial changes taking place at a coping speed
    3. CSocial changes taking place at a steady speed
    4. DSocial changes taking place at a high speed
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Social changes taking place at a slow speed

    Ogburn's cultural lag is the gap when non-material culture (values, institutions) changes more slowly than material culture; the official key links it to slow social change.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q22, final key

  21. Q21 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    The best definition of educational psychology is a study of "Teaching and Learning" has given by

    1. AWalter B. Kolesnik
    2. BJames Ross
    3. CCharles C. Skinner
    4. DN. L. Munn
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Charles C. Skinner

    Charles E. Skinner defined educational psychology as the branch of psychology that deals with teaching and learning.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q23, final key

  22. Q22 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Where was the first experimental psychology laboratory set up ?

    1. ABerlin
    2. BBoston
    3. CFrankfurt
    4. DLeipzig
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Leipzig

    Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychology laboratory at Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q24, final key

  23. Q23 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Which method of research contributes most to the advancement educational psychology as a science ?

    1. AClinical method
    2. BExperimental method
    3. CHistorical method
    4. DSurvey method
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Experimental method

    The experimental method controls variables and tests cause and effect, which made psychology a science.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q26, final key

  24. Q24 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    The first book of psychology was written by

    1. AKohler
    2. BWilliam James
    3. CClark Hull
    4. DPlato
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. William James

    William James's 'The Principles of Psychology' (1890) is treated as the first major textbook of psychology.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q27, final key

  25. Q25 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Cephalocaudal sequence motor/skills development is

    1. AHead – Trunk – Hand – Leg
    2. BHead – Hand – Leg – Trunk
    3. CHead – Neck – Mouth – Hand
    4. DMouth – Neck – Trunk – Head
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Head – Trunk – Hand – Leg

    Cephalocaudal means development proceeds from head to tail: head control first, then trunk, then arms and finally legs.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q28, final key

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  27. Q26 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    A child holding the Pencil by using his fingers and thumb shows which principle of development ?

    1. AGeneral to specific
    2. BPrinciple of continuity
    3. CSpecific to general
    4. DPrinciple of discontinuity
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. General to specific

    Development moves from general, whole-hand movements to specific, fine ones; a pincer grip with fingers and thumb is the specific end.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q29, final key

  28. Q27 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Which of the following statement is correct about the process of development of an individual ?

    1. AIt is uni-dimensional process
    2. BIt is influenced only by heredity of an individual
    3. CThere is cultural diversity in the process of development
    4. DDevelopment is only based on environmental factors
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. There is cultural diversity in the process of development

    Development is multi-dimensional and shaped by both heredity and environment, and it varies across cultures.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q30, final key

  29. Q28 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance

    According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the personality structure that operates on the principle is

    1. AID
    2. BEgo
    3. CSuperego
    4. DLibido
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. ID

    In Freud's model the id works on the pleasure principle, the ego on the reality principle and the superego on moral principles. (The word 'pleasure' is missing from the printed question.)

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q31, final key

  30. Q29 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    The process of changing existing schemes or creating new schemes to incorporate new information is called

    1. AAssimilation
    2. BAccommodation
    3. CEquilibrium
    4. DAdaptation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Accommodation

    In Piaget's theory, accommodation changes existing schemas or makes new ones; assimilation fits new information into existing schemas.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q32, final key

  31. Q30 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Which of the following neurotransmitters are associated with feelings of pleasure and reward ?

    1. ASerotonin
    2. BDopamine
    3. CGABA
    4. DEndorphins
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Dopamine

    Dopamine drives the brain's reward pathway and is linked to pleasure, motivation and reinforcement.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q33, final key

  32. Q31 Learning & Motivation

    The tendency to rely on cognitive shortcuts and mental models when making decisions is known as

    1. AConfirmation bias
    2. BAvailability heuristic
    3. CAnchoring bias
    4. DSelf-fulfilling prophecy
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Availability heuristic

    Heuristics are mental shortcuts; the availability heuristic judges likelihood by how easily examples come to mind.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q34, final key

  33. Q32 Learning & Motivation

    Which psychologist is mostly associated with the theory of classical conditioning ?

    1. AB. F. Skinner
    2. BIvan Pavlov
    3. CAlbert Bandura
    4. DJean Piaget
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Ivan Pavlov

    Ivan Pavlov showed classical conditioning with dogs salivating to a bell paired with food.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q35, final key

  34. Q33 Learning & Motivation

    The process of learning through imitation or observation is known as

    1. AClassical conditioning
    2. BOperant conditioning
    3. CInsight learning
    4. DSocial learning
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Social learning

    Bandura's social learning theory says we learn by observing and imitating models.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q36, final key

  35. Q34 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance

    What is the intelligence quotient of a normal child ?

    1. A120 – 140
    2. B110 – 120
    3. C80 – 90
    4. D90 – 100
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. 90 – 100

    Average (normal) intelligence is an IQ of about 90-110; of the options, 90-100 falls in that band.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q37, final key

  36. Q35 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance

    What is the formula of I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient) ?

    1. AMental age / Chronological age
    2. BChronological age / Mental age
    3. C(Mental age / Chronological age) × 100
    4. D(Chronological age / Mental age) × 100
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. (Mental age / Chronological age) × 100

    IQ = (Mental age ÷ Chronological age) × 100 (Stern/Terman). E.g. MA 12, CA 10 gives IQ 120.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q38, final key

  37. Q36 Educational Statistics

    A measure of the spread of variability of scores in a group of people is called

    1. ANorms
    2. BReliability
    3. CStandard Deviation
    4. DValidity
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Standard Deviation

    Standard deviation measures how widely scores spread around the mean.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q39, final key

  38. Q37 Universalisation of Elementary Education

    Free and compulsory education is provided to children of the age group

    1. A6 – 13 years
    2. B6 – 10 years
    3. C4 –12 years
    4. D6 – 14 years
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. 6 – 14 years

    Article 21A and the RTE Act, 2009 guarantee free and compulsory education to children aged 6 to 14.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q40, final key

  39. Q38 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions

    According to which commission "Elementary education should prepare children become responsible and useful citizens" ?

    1. AHunter
    2. BRadhakrishnan
    3. CUniversity
    4. DKothari
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Kothari

    The Kothari Commission (1964-66) linked education to national development and stressed preparing children as responsible, useful citizens.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q41, final key

  40. Q39 Universalisation of Elementary Education

    Right to Education Act, 2007 is applicable under which Article of the Indian Constitution ?

    1. AArticle – 20
    2. BArticle – 21(A)
    3. CArticle – 22
    4. DArticle – 23
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Article – 21(A)

    The right to education is Article 21A (86th Amendment, 2002); the RTE Act that gives it effect was passed in 2009 (the question's '2007' is a slip).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q42, final key

  41. Q40 Universalisation of Elementary Education

    In which Section of RTE Act, 2009 it has been told that corporal punishment to a child is treated as torture ?

    1. ASection 17
    2. BSection 8
    3. CSection 26
    4. DNone of the above
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Section 17

    Section 17 of the RTE Act, 2009 prohibits physical punishment and mental harassment of children.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q43, final key

  42. Q41 Universalisation of Elementary Education

    Problem of 'wastage' and 'stagnation' is primarily related to which level of education ?

    1. ASecondary level
    2. BPrimary level
    3. CSpecial education
    4. DHigher secondary level
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Primary level

    Wastage (dropping out) and stagnation (repeating a class) were identified by the Hartog Committee (1929) mainly at the primary stage.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q44, final key

  43. Q42 Universalisation of Elementary Education

    Removal of heterogeneity in the society is one of the remedial measure of

    1. AGrowth and Development
    2. BHealth Care
    3. CWastage and Stagnation
    4. DSocial Upliftment
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Wastage and Stagnation

    Social and economic differences (heterogeneity) among pupils are a cause of wastage and stagnation, so reducing them is listed among its remedies.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q45, final key

  44. Q43 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    The folk school was started in

    1. AUnited Kingdom
    2. BGermany
    3. CChina
    4. DDenmark
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Denmark

    The folk high school movement for adult education was started in Denmark by N. F. S. Grundtvig in the 19th century.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q46, final key

  45. Q44 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    The department of Adult Continuing Education and Extension has been renamed as Lifelong Learning and Extension from which plan period ?

    1. AXI Plan
    2. BIX Plan
    3. CX Plan
    4. DXII Plan
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. XI Plan

    Under the UGC's Eleventh Plan (2007-12) guidelines, university departments of Adult, Continuing Education and Extension were renamed Departments of Lifelong Learning and Extension.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q47, final key

  46. Q45 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    "Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high, where the world is not brokenup into fragments by narrow domestic walls" is written by

    1. ARajaji
    2. BRabindranath Tagore
    3. CMahatma Gandhi
    4. DBharatidasan
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Rabindranath Tagore

    These lines are from Tagore's poem in Gitanjali, the collection for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1913.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q48, final key

  47. Q46 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    Andragogy is

    1. ATeaching children to learn
    2. BMaking adults literate
    3. CTeaching adults to learn
    4. DArts and science of helping adults to learn
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Arts and science of helping adults to learn

    Malcolm Knowles defined andragogy as the art and science of helping adults learn, as against pedagogy for children.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q49, final key

  48. Q47 Teacher & Vocational Education

    Provision of separate vocational courses is an example of

    1. AHidden curriculum
    2. BDiversified curriculum
    3. CDecentralized curriculum
    4. DCore curriculum
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Diversified curriculum

    A diversified curriculum offers different streams, including vocational courses, to suit varied abilities and needs (recommended by the Mudaliar Commission).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q50, final key

  49. Q48 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    What is a major barrier to effective school community relationships ?

    1. ARegular communication
    2. BCommunity support
    3. CLack of trust and transparency
    4. DActive parent enrolment
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Lack of trust and transparency

    School-community ties rest on mutual trust; when parents and the community do not trust the school or cannot see how it works, cooperation breaks down.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q51, final key

  50. Q49 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    How can schools best initiate a relationship with the community ?

    1. ABy sending fines to parents
    2. BBy organizing parent-teacher meeting and community events
    3. CBy discouraging parent involvement
    4. DBy raising academic standards alone
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. By organizing parent-teacher meeting and community events

    Parent-teacher meetings and community events bring families into the school and open two-way contact, the usual first step in building the relationship.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q52, final key

  51. Q50 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    Which of the following can be the best place for a school ?

    1. AAway from pollution
    2. BOut of the city
    3. CIn a natural environment
    4. DIn a locality safe for students
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. In a locality safe for students

    The first test for a school site is the safety of the students; the other features are desirable but secondary.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q53, final key

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  53. Q51 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    According to the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, what should be the medium of instruction at least until Grade 5 in primary education ?

    1. AEnglish only
    2. BThe mother tongue
    3. CForeign language
    4. DA mixture of all languages
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. The mother tongue

    NEP 2020 says that wherever possible the medium of instruction until at least Grade 5 (preferably Grade 8) should be the home language, mother tongue or regional language.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q54, final key

  54. Q52 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Which of the following is a significant unique feature of language ?

    1. ALanguage has reasoning
    2. BLanguage is scientific
    3. CLanguage is logical
    4. DLanguage consists of symbols
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Language consists of symbols

    Language is a system of arbitrary symbols (sounds, letters, signs) that stand for meanings; this symbolic nature is its defining feature.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q55, final key

  55. Q53 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    The nativist perspective of language development was proposed by

    1. AJ. B. Watson
    2. BMcWhinney
    3. CNoam Chomsky
    4. DM. K. Gandhi
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Noam Chomsky

    Noam Chomsky argued that children are born with an innate capacity for language (the Language Acquisition Device), the nativist view.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q56, final key

  56. Q54 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    In which year UNFPA's started in India ?

    1. A1998
    2. B2002
    3. C1974
    4. D2011
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. 1974

    The United Nations Population Fund began its programme of support to India in 1974.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q57, final key

  57. Q55 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    Where was the UNESCO conference on "population education and family planning" held ?

    1. AMalaysia
    2. BSingapore
    3. CIndia
    4. DBangkok
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Bangkok

    UNESCO's regional meeting on population education and family planning (1970) was held in Bangkok, the seat of its Asian regional office.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q58, final key

  58. Q56 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    Nepotism is

    1. AHiring friends or relatives and showing favouritism work
    2. BBeing autocratic in decision making
    3. CUndermining the morale of workers
    4. DHarassment of co-workers
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Hiring friends or relatives and showing favouritism work

    Nepotism means favouring one's relatives or friends, especially in giving jobs or work, instead of judging on merit.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q59, final key

  59. Q57 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    The National Integration Day is observed on

    1. A14th November
    2. B19th November
    3. C1st November
    4. D27th November
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. 19th November

    National Integration Day is observed on 19 November, the birth anniversary of Indira Gandhi.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q60, final key

  60. Q58 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    Which of these is not fundamental factor of National Unity ?

    1. ALanguage
    2. BEducation
    3. CEmployment
    4. DCaste
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Employment

    Textbook discussions of national unity list language, education, religion and caste among the social factors that bind or divide a nation; employment is an economic matter, not one of these basic factors.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q61, final key

  61. Q59 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions

    The name of Yashpal Committee Report (1993) is

    1. AI.C.T. in teacher education
    2. BLearning without burden
    3. CLearning through broadcasting
    4. DForced learning
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Learning without burden

    The Yash Pal Committee's 1993 report on reducing the academic load on school children was titled 'Learning Without Burden'.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q62, final key

  62. Q60 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    "It is essential for us not to live apart but to live together, understanding one anothers fears and anxieties, aspirations and thoughts. We must work for racial harmony. We may be American, Russian, but we are essentially human beings". Who said this ?

    1. ADr. Radha Krishnan
    2. BVivekananda
    3. CAurobindo
    4. DTagore
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Dr. Radha Krishnan

    This plea for living together across nations and races is attributed to Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, who stressed world unity and common humanity.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q63, final key

  63. Q61 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    What does the dove, often depicted with an olive branch, symbolize in the context of Peace ?

    1. AEconomics Prosperity
    2. BA Universal Symbol of peace and non-violence
    3. CNational Sovereignty
    4. DMilitary Strength
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. A Universal Symbol of peace and non-violence

    A dove carrying an olive branch is a worldwide symbol of peace and non-violence.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q64, final key

  64. Q62 Sociological Foundations of Education

    Human Nature Develops in man as a

    1. AMember of a Religion
    2. BCitizen of a State
    3. CMember of a Organization
    4. DMember of a Society
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Member of a Society

    Human nature is shaped through social interaction; a person becomes human by growing up as a member of society.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q65, final key

  65. Q63 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance

    C.W.S.N. is related to

    1. AChildren with Strong Needs
    2. BChildren with Special Needs
    3. CChildren with Special Class
    4. DChildren with Simple Nature
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Children with Special Needs

    CWSN stands for Children With Special Needs, the term used in Samagra Shiksha and inclusive education.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q66, final key

  66. Q64 Sociological Foundations of Education

    The passive agency of socialization is

    1. AHealth Club
    2. BFamily
    3. CEco Hub
    4. DPublic Library
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Public Library

    Passive agencies such as libraries, press, radio and cinema influence people one way without direct interaction; the family is an active agency.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q67, final key

  67. Q65 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education

    A deprived child is one who is

    1. ALiving with parents
    2. BWithout a parent, guardian or custodian
    3. CHaving a happy family
    4. DGood at studies
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Without a parent, guardian or custodian

    A deprived child lacks parental or guardian care; such children need special care and protection.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q68, final key

  68. Q66 Universalisation of Elementary Education

    Operation Black Board was introduced under which policy ?

    1. ANPE 1968
    2. BNEP 2020
    3. CNPE 1986
    4. DRTE Act 2009
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. NPE 1986

    Operation Blackboard (1987) came from the National Policy on Education 1986 to give primary schools basic facilities and teachers.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q69, final key

  69. Q67 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions

    The suggestion to establish UGC came from

    1. AKothari Commission
    2. BRadha Krishnan Commission
    3. CMudhaliar Commission
    4. DNEP 2020
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Radha Krishnan Commission

    The University Education Commission (1948-49) under Dr. S. Radhakrishnan recommended a University Grants Commission, set up in 1953 and made statutory in 1956.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q70, final key

  70. Q68 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions

    The National Knowledge Commission (2005-2009) was headed by

    1. AYashpal
    2. BKasturirangan
    3. CSam Pitroda
    4. DAcharya Ramamurthi
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Sam Pitroda

    Sam Pitroda chaired the National Knowledge Commission (2005-2009).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q71, final key

  71. Q69 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    Which of the following is not typically considered one of the "four pillars of learning" as defined by UNESCO ?

    1. ALearning to know
    2. BLearning to do
    3. CLearning to live together
    4. DLearning to compete
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Learning to compete

    The Delors Report (1996) gave four pillars: learning to know, to do, to live together and to be. 'Learning to compete' is not one of them.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q72, final key

  72. Q70 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    In the context of lifelong learning, what does the term "Self-directed learning" primarily refer to ?

    1. ALearning without any external guidance
    2. BStudying only topics of personal interest
    3. CTaking responsibility of one's own learning process
    4. DAvoiding formal educational institutions
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Taking responsibility of one's own learning process

    In self-directed learning the learner takes charge of diagnosing needs, setting goals, finding resources and evaluating progress; guidance may still be used.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q73, final key

  73. Q71 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    In the context of lifelong learning, what does the term "Digital Divide" primarily refers to ?

    1. AThe gap between online and offline learning resources
    2. BThe differences in computer skills between generations
    3. CInequalities in access to digital technologies and the internet
    4. DThe separation between digital natives and digital immigrants
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Inequalities in access to digital technologies and the internet

    The digital divide is the gap between those who have access to computers and the internet and those who do not.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q74, final key

  74. Q72 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Match the items of List – I with that of List – II.

    List – IList – II
    A. Exaltation of human personality1. Idealism
    B. Learning by doing2. Realism
    C. Develop the democratic values in education3. Naturalism
    D. Emphasis on mass production4. Pragmatism
    5. Existentialism
    6. Marxism

    Which sequence is correct ?

    A B C D

    1. A1 6 2 4
    2. B3 4 2 1
    3. C1 4 5 6
    4. D1 4 6 2
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. 1 4 5 6

    Idealism exalts human personality (A-1), pragmatism stands for learning by doing (B-4) and Marxism stresses mass production (D-6); only option 3 fits these, pairing democratic values with existentialism (C-5).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q75, final key

  75. Q73 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    The man who drenched deep in the nectar of Indian spiritual philosophy of Vedanta

    1. AMahatma Gandhi
    2. BSwami Vivekananda
    3. CRabindranath Tagore
    4. DSri Aurobindo Ghosh
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Swami Vivekananda

    Swami Vivekananda based his whole thought, including his views on education, on Advaita Vedanta.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q76, final key

  76. Q74 Sociological Foundations of Education

    The famous book "The Vindication of the Rights of Men" was written by

    1. ASavitribai Phule
    2. BNel Noddings
    3. CMary Wollstonecraft
    4. DPaulo Freire
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Mary Wollstonecraft

    Mary Wollstonecraft wrote 'A Vindication of the Rights of Men' (1790), followed by 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' (1792).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q78, final key

  77. Q75 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    "Knowledge comes primarily through senses" belongs to which school of philosophy ?

    1. ARealism
    2. BIdealism
    3. CPragmatism
    4. DExistentialism
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Realism

    Realism holds that the external world exists independently and that we know it chiefly through sense experience, so it favours sense training and the sciences.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q79, final key

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  79. Q76 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Founder of Existentialism

    1. ASoren Kierkegaard
    2. BHegel
    3. CRousseau
    4. DDJO Connor
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Soren Kierkegaard

    Søren Kierkegaard, the 19th-century Danish thinker, is regarded as the father of existentialism.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q80, final key

  80. Q77 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    "No disinterested pursuit of knowledge and no intellectual education for its own sake", was the slogan of

    1. ARealist
    2. BPragmatist
    3. CNaturalist
    4. DIdealist
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Pragmatist

    Pragmatists value knowledge only for its use in solving problems of life, so they reject learning for its own sake.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q81, final key

  81. Q78 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Establishing a classless society is the aim according to

    1. ASecularism
    2. BDemocracy
    3. CSocialism
    4. DLiberty
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Socialism

    Socialism (in its Marxist form) aims at a classless society with common ownership of the means of production.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q82, final key

  82. Q79 Sociological Foundations of Education

    The book "Races and Culture of India" was written by

    1. AM. N. Prabha
    2. BT. B. Bottomore
    3. CD. Kapadia
    4. DD. N. Majumdar
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. D. N. Majumdar

    Anthropologist D. N. Majumdar wrote 'Races and Cultures of India'.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q83, final key

  83. Q80 Sociological Foundations of Education

    The phenomenon where technology and material aspects of culture advanced more rapidly then non material aspects like customs, ethics and laws is called

    1. ASocial change
    2. BSocial mobility
    3. CCultural lag
    4. DEnculturation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Cultural lag

    W. F. Ogburn called the delay of non-material culture in catching up with material culture 'cultural lag'.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q84, final key

  84. Q81 Sociological Foundations of Education

    Important factor in cultural change

    1. ADiffusion
    2. BInnovation
    3. CPopulation
    4. DWar and Conquer
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Diffusion

    Most cultural change comes from diffusion, the spread of traits from one culture to another; invention and innovation are less frequent sources.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q85, final key

  85. Q82 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Philosophy and Education are the two sides of same coin; "the former is contemplative side while the other is active side", said by

    1. AJohn Adam
    2. BJohn Dewey
    3. CRoss
    4. DSocrates
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Ross

    J. S. Ross described education as the dynamic side of philosophy and philosophy as its contemplative side.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q87, final key

  86. Q83 Sociological Foundations of Education

    According to which Article, the Constitution has made provisions for special advantages for the socially and economically backward classes particularly for SC's and ST's ?

    1. AArticle 16A, 47
    2. BArticle 16B, 46
    3. CArticle 46, 17
    4. DArticle 15(4), 46
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Article 15(4), 46

    Article 15(4) lets the State make special provisions for socially and educationally backward classes, SCs and STs; Article 46 directs the State to promote their educational and economic interests.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q88, final key

  87. Q84 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Match the following :

    1. IdealismA. Learning by doing
    2. NaturalismB. Aesthetic and ethical life
    3. PragmatismC. Realization of truth, beauty and goodness
    4. ExistentialismD. Education through environment
    1. A1 – A, 2 – B, 3 – C, 4 – D
    2. B1 – C, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – B
    3. C1 – D, 2 – C, 3 – B, 4 – A
    4. D1 – C, 2 – D, 3 – B, 4 – A
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. 1 – C, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – B

    Idealism aims at truth, beauty and goodness (1-C), naturalism at education through the environment (2-D), pragmatism at learning by doing (3-A) and existentialism at the aesthetic and ethical life (4-B, Kierkegaard's stages).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q89, final key

  88. Q85 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    What is required for the formation of integrated set of values, to be implemented on society ?

    1. AFamily
    2. BSchools
    3. CSocial institutions
    4. DValues
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Family

    The family is the first and most basic institution where a child forms an integrated set of values that later shapes society.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q90, final key

  89. Q86 Sociological Foundations of Education

    "The parameter role for achieving any kind of development which is great enough to benefit the whole world of the future belongs to education", said by

    1. AHorton and Stunt
    2. BAlva Hydal
    3. CBarbara Ward
    4. DLakshmi Menon
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Alva Hydal

    The quote on education's central role in development is attributed to the Swedish sociologist and Nobel laureate Alva Myrdal (printed as 'Alva Hydal').

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q91, final key

  90. Q87 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Who believed God as a creator of nature ?

    1. AGandhi
    2. BVivekananda
    3. CTagore
    4. DJiddu Krishnamurti
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Tagore

    Tagore saw God as the creator revealed in nature and wanted children educated in close contact with nature, as at Santiniketan.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q92, final key

  91. Q88 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    "Arise, awake and do not stop until the goal is reached" is said by

    1. AVivekananda
    2. BGandhi
    3. CJiddu Krishnamurti
    4. DTagore
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Vivekananda

    Swami Vivekananda popularised this call, drawn from the Katha Upanishad.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q93, final key

  92. Q89 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Educational psychology helps the teachers to

    1. AUnderstand students' skills effectively
    2. BUnderstand the principles of teaching
    3. CUnderstand learners' behaviour and needs
    4. DUnderstand educational goals
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Understand learners' behaviour and needs

    Educational psychology studies the learner's behaviour, development and needs, so it helps teachers understand their pupils.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q94, final key

  93. Q90 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Educational psychology is concerned with

    1. ATraining
    2. BLanguage
    3. CInnate abilities
    4. DLearning process and situation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Learning process and situation

    Educational psychology deals with the learner, the learning process and the learning situation.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q95, final key

  94. Q91 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Who is the father of Educational Psychology ?

    1. AWilliam James
    2. BWilliam Wund
    3. CE. L. Thorndike
    4. DJean Piaget
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. E. L. Thorndike

    E. L. Thorndike, who wrote 'Educational Psychology' (1903) and the laws of learning, is called the father of educational psychology.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q96, final key

  95. Q92 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Which of the following is not a function of educational psychology ?

    1. ATo discover techniques by means of which educational goals can be attained effectively
    2. BTo define the goals for which education is to strive
    3. CTo promote a greater understanding of the learning process
    4. DTo promote a greater understanding of the learner
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. To define the goals for which education is to strive

    Setting the goals of education is the job of philosophy of education; educational psychology studies how those goals can be reached through the learner and the learning process.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q97, final key

  96. Q93 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    The method of introspection was primarily used by

    1. ABehaviourists
    2. BHumanists
    3. CFunctionalists
    4. DStructuralists
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Structuralists

    Wundt and Titchener's structuralism analysed consciousness into elements through trained introspection.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q98, final key

  97. Q94 Learning & Motivation

    Which learning framework involves planning, monitoring and adjusting strategies based on awareness of one's cognition ?

    1. ABehaviourism
    2. BSelf-regulated learning
    3. CStructuralism
    4. DCognitivism
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Self-regulated learning

    Self-regulated learning uses metacognition: the learner plans, monitors and adjusts strategies.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q99, final key

  98. Q95 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    The method of research that most significantly advances Educational Psychology as a science is

    1. AThe clinical method
    2. BThe introspection method
    3. CThe survey method
    4. DThe experimental method
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. The experimental method

    The experimental method controls variables and tests cause and effect, which made educational psychology a science.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q100, final key

  99. Q96 Learning & Motivation

    According to behaviourism, learning occurs through

    1. AInternal reflection
    2. BUnconscious motives
    3. CInteraction with the environment
    4. DSpiritual awakening
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Interaction with the environment

    Behaviourists explain learning as observable responses shaped by stimuli and consequences in the environment.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q101, final key

  100. Q97 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Which of the following is not a principle of development ?

    1. ADevelopment is continuous
    2. BDevelopment is from general to specific
    3. CDevelopment is always linear
    4. DDevelopment is individualistic
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Development is always linear

    Development is continuous, proceeds from general to specific responses and differs between individuals, but it is not uniform or linear; its rate varies across stages.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q102, final key

  101. Q98 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    At what stage does a child typically develop a sense of autonomy ?

    1. AInfancy
    2. BEarly childhood
    3. CAdolescence
    4. DLate childhood
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Early childhood

    In Erikson's theory, autonomy versus shame and doubt is the crisis of early childhood (about 1.5 to 3 years).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q103, final key

  102. Q99 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    A child who believes that everyone sees things from the same perspective as they do is demonstrating

    1. AConservation
    2. BObject permanence
    3. CEgocentrism
    4. DTheory of mind
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Egocentrism

    Piaget called the pre-operational child's inability to take another person's viewpoint egocentrism (shown in the three-mountains task).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q104, final key

  103. Q100 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Which of the following is a critical period in human development ?

    1. AThe period during adolescence when individuals develop identity
    2. BThe period during early childhood when children develop language skills
    3. CThe period during middle adulthood when individuals experience generativity
    4. DThe period during late adulthood when individuals reflect on their lives
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. The period during early childhood when children develop language skills

    A critical period is a limited window when the brain is especially ready for a skill; early childhood language acquisition is the classic example.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q106, final key

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  105. Q101 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Rahul learns to hold a glass and a bottle before holding a pen. This example indicates that

    1. ADevelopment is non-directional
    2. BDirection of development is cephalo-caudal
    3. CDirection of development is proximo-distal
    4. DDevelopment direction follows a pattern
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Direction of development is proximo-distal

    Control develops from the centre of the body outwards: gross arm and palm grasping (glass, bottle) comes before fine finger control (pen). This is the proximo-distal direction.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q107, final key

  106. Q102 Learning & Motivation

    Select the correct hierarchy of learning given by Robert M. Ganges.

    a. Signal learning

    b. Chain learning

    c. Rule learning

    d. Concept learning

    e. S-R learning

    Choose the answer from the following options :

    1. Aa, e, b, d and c
    2. Ba, b, d, c and e
    3. Cb, a, c, e and d
    4. Da, b, c, d and e
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. a, e, b, d and c

    Gagne's eight types run: signal, stimulus-response, chaining, verbal association, discrimination, concept, rule (principle) learning, problem solving. So the listed ones are in the order a, e, b, d, c.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q108, final key

  107. Q103 Learning & Motivation

    When a conditioned response disappears due to the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, it is called

    1. AExtinction
    2. BGeneralization
    3. CSpontaneous recovery
    4. DDiscrimination
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Extinction

    If the CS is repeatedly presented without the US, the conditioned response weakens and disappears; Pavlov called this extinction.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q110, final key

  108. Q104 Learning & Motivation

    What is the main difference between classical and operant conditioning ?

    1. AClassical conditioning involves voluntary behaviour ; operant conditioning involves involuntary behavior
    2. BClassical conditioning uses rewards ; operant conditioning uses punishments
    3. CClassical conditioning pairs stimuli ; operant conditioning uses consequences to shape behaviour
    4. DClassical conditioning is based on observation ; operant conditioning is based on imitation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Classical conditioning pairs stimuli ; operant conditioning uses consequences to shape behaviour

    Classical conditioning links two stimuli (CS with US) to elicit a reflex; operant conditioning strengthens or weakens voluntary behaviour through its consequences.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q111, final key

  109. Q105 Learning & Motivation

    Which of the following is designated as an independent variable in classical conditioning ?

    1. AChoice of Unconditioned and Conditioned Stimulus (US and CS)
    2. BStrength of Conditioned Response (CR)
    3. CNumber of pairing as CS and US
    4. DLatency of response
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Number of pairing as CS and US

    The experimenter manipulates the number of CS-US pairings (trials) and measures the strength or latency of the CR, which are the dependent variables.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q112, final key

  110. Q106 Learning & Motivation

    Which theory focuses on the internal mental processes such as thinking, memory and problem-solving ?

    1. ABehaviourism
    2. BHumanism
    3. CCognitivism
    4. DConstructivism
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Cognitivism

    Cognitivism studies the mind as an information processor: attention, thinking, memory and problem solving.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q113, final key

  111. Q107 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    Who emphasized learner-centred education and the importance of experience in learning ?

    1. AIvan Pavlov
    2. BEdward Thorndike
    3. CJohn Dewey
    4. DB. F. Skinner
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. John Dewey

    John Dewey, the pragmatist philosopher, championed child-centred education and learning by doing (experience).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q114, final key

  112. Q108 Learning & Motivation

    Match the following :

    List – I (Concepts)List – II (Psychologists)
    a. Reflexes1. Tolman
    b. Successive2. Hull
    c. Habit Strength3. Skinner
    d. Latent Learning4. Pavlov
    5. Watson

    Choose the answer from the following options :

    1. Aa – 2, b – 5, c – 3, d – 1
    2. Ba – 4, b – 3, c – 2, d – 1
    3. Ca – 2, b – 5, c – 3, d – 4
    4. Da – 4, b – 3, c – 2, d – 5
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. a – 4, b – 3, c – 2, d – 1

    Reflexes (conditioned reflex) - Pavlov; successive approximation (shaping) - Skinner; habit strength - Hull; latent learning - Tolman.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q115, final key

  113. Q109 Learning & Motivation

    Science and Human Behaviour book was written by

    1. AWilliam Wundt
    2. BIvan Pavlov
    3. CB. F. Skinner
    4. DWilliam James
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. B. F. Skinner

    B. F. Skinner wrote Science and Human Behavior (1953), applying operant principles to society.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q116, final key

  114. Q110 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development

    Development of language in children according to B. F. Skinner, is the result of

    1. ATeaching language
    2. BImitation and reinforcement
    3. CInnate abilities
    4. DMaturation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Imitation and reinforcement

    Skinner (Verbal Behavior, 1957) explained language as operant behaviour learned through imitation and reinforcement.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q117, final key

  115. Q111 Learning & Motivation

    Which theory suggests that learning is most effective when it is relevant to the learner's experiences ?

    1. ABehaviourism
    2. BConstructivism
    3. CClassical conditioning
    4. DCognitivism
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Constructivism

    Constructivism holds that learners build new knowledge on their existing experiences, so learning tied to those experiences works best.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q118, final key

  116. Q112 Learning & Motivation

    Which of the following is not a concept introduced by Hull ?

    1. AHabit strength
    2. BDrive
    3. CReinforcement
    4. DCognitive schemas
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Cognitive schemas

    Hull's drive-reduction theory uses habit strength, drive and reinforcement; schemas are a cognitive idea associated with Piaget and Bartlett.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q119, final key

  117. Q113 Learning & Motivation

    The famous "Little Albert" experiment conducted by Watson, demonstrated

    1. AOperant conditioning
    2. BCognitive development
    3. CClassical conditioning in humans
    4. DInsight learning
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Classical conditioning in humans

    Watson and Rayner (1920) conditioned fear in an infant by pairing a white rat with a loud noise, showing classical conditioning works in humans.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q120, final key

  118. Q114 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance

    According to Freud, the ego is governed by the

    1. APleasure principle
    2. BReality principle
    3. CIdealistic principle
    4. DLogical principle
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Reality principle

    Freud said the id follows the pleasure principle, the ego the reality principle and the superego moral (idealistic) standards.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q121, final key

  119. Q115 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance

    According to Jung, art, religion, myths and drama are important to individual functioning because they

    1. AFacilitate conscious development
    2. BAre symbols that appeal to basic archetypes
    3. CProvide the means for achieving control over a hostile environment
    4. DTransmit specific information for solving developmental tasks
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes

    Jung held that myths, religion and art carry universal symbols that express the archetypes of the collective unconscious.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q122, final key

  120. Q116 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance

    Which personality trait is defined by high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control and goal-directed behaviours ?

    1. AExtraversion
    2. BAgreeableness
    3. CConscientiousness
    4. DNeuroticism
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Conscientiousness

    In the Big Five model, conscientiousness means being organised, careful, self-disciplined and goal-directed.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q123, final key

  121. Q117 Educational Statistics

    Which measure of central tendency is appropriate for nominal data ?

    1. AMean
    2. BMedian
    3. CMode
    4. DStandard deviation
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Mode

    Nominal data are just categories with no order or numeric value, so only the most frequent category (mode) can be found.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q124, final key

  122. Q118 Educational Statistics

    If two variables X and Y have significant negative correlation, which of the following statement is true ?

    1. AX causes variation in Y
    2. BY causes variation in X
    3. CX and Y vary together
    4. DX and Y cause each other to vary
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. X and Y vary together

    Correlation, positive or negative, only shows that two variables vary together (here in opposite directions); it does not prove cause and effect.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q125, final key

  123. Q119 Educational Statistics

    Which of the following is positional average ?

    1. AMean
    2. BMedian
    3. CMode
    4. DAll of the above
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Median

    The median is fixed by its position (the middle item) in ordered data, so it is called a positional average; the mean is a mathematical average.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q126, final key

  124. Q120 Educational Statistics

    The arithmetic mean of 15 items is 8 and the arithmetic mean of 10 items is 6. What is the combined arithmetic mean ?

    1. A7
    2. B7.2
    3. C7.5
    4. D6.2
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. 7.2

    Combined mean = (15 x 8 + 10 x 6) / (15 + 10) = (120 + 60) / 25 = 180 / 25 = 7.2.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q127, final key

  125. Q121 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions

    Which committee laid the foundation for education reforms in India during British Period in the year 1882 ?

    1. AHunter committee
    2. BWoods dispatch committee
    3. CHartog committee
    4. DNehru committee
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Hunter committee

    The Indian Education Commission of 1882, chaired by William Hunter, reviewed progress since Wood's Despatch and stressed primary and mass education.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q129, final key

  126. Q122 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    The scheme of Continuing Education was launched in the year

    1. A1995
    2. B1996
    3. C1994
    4. D1997
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. 1996

    The National Literacy Mission's Scheme of Continuing Education for neo-literates, the stage after total literacy and post-literacy campaigns, is dated to 1996 in APPSC's key (approved in 1995, launched from 1996).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q130, final key

  127. Q123 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    As per ULLAS scheme functional literacy means

    1. AA State with 97% literacy rate
    2. BA State with 100% literacy rate
    3. CA State with more than 95% literacy rate
    4. DA State with more than 90% literacy rate
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. A State with more than 95% literacy rate

    Under ULLAS (Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram), a State or UT reaching over 95% literacy is treated as equivalent to fully (functionally) literate.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q131, final key

  128. Q124 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    Which State is fully functionally literate as per PLFS survey 2023-24 ?

    1. AKerala
    2. BMizoram
    3. CManipur
    4. DShillong
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Mizoram

    In May 2025 Mizoram became the first State declared fully functionally literate under ULLAS, with literacy of about 98.2% per PLFS 2023-24.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q132, final key

  129. Q125 Teacher & Vocational Education

    Provision of separate vocational course is an example of

    1. AHidden curriculum
    2. BDiversified curriculum
    3. CDecentralized curriculum
    4. DCore curriculum
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Diversified curriculum

    A diversified curriculum offers different streams, such as separate vocational courses, to suit varied interests and abilities (as the Mudaliar Commission recommended).

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q133, final key

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  131. Q126 Teacher & Vocational Education

    As per NEP 2020, which of the following is emphasized for vocational education ?

    1. AAccess with vocational trades
    2. BIntegrating with academic curriculum
    3. CEqual importance to academics and vocations
    4. DExclusive vocational trades
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Integrating with academic curriculum

    NEP 2020 calls for integrating vocational education into mainstream school and higher education, removing hard separations between academic and vocational streams.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q134, final key

  132. Q127 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers

    "The emphasis laid on the principle of spending every minute of one's life usefully is the best education for citizenship." Who said this ?

    1. ARabindranath Tagore
    2. BMahatma Gandhi
    3. CSwami Vivekananda
    4. DGopal Krishna Gokhale
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Mahatma Gandhi

    This line comes from Gandhi's writing on basic (Nai Talim) education, which linked productive work and the useful use of time to good citizenship.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q135, final key

  133. Q128 Sociological Foundations of Education

    "One of the important social objectives of education is to equalize opportunity, enabling the backward or underprivileged classes and individuals to use education as a lever for the improvement of their condition". Which Education Commission stated this ?

    1. AKothari Education Commission (1964-66)
    2. BMudaliar Commission (1952-53)
    3. CRadha Krishnan Commission (1948-49)
    4. DNational Policy on Education, 1986
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. Kothari Education Commission (1964-66)

    The Kothari Commission report (Education and National Development, 1966) has a chapter on equalisation of educational opportunity that uses this wording.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q136, final key

  134. Q129 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    The beginning of Population Education in India according to the Third Five Year Plan in the year

    1. A1961 – 66
    2. B1964 – 66
    3. C1956 – 60
    4. D1986 – 90
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. 1961 – 66

    The Third Five Year Plan ran from 1961 to 1966, and the question ties the start of population education to that plan period.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q137, final key

  135. Q130 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    Launch of the National Adult Education Programme (NAEP) is on

    1. A2nd October, 1978
    2. B2nd October, 1979
    3. C2nd October, 1987
    4. D2nd October, 1988
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. 2nd October, 1978

    NAEP was launched on Gandhi Jayanti, 2 October 1978, to make adults aged 15-35 literate; the National Literacy Mission followed on 5 May 1988.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q138, final key

  136. Q131 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    How can teachers create a moral learning environment in the classroom ?

    1. ABy enforcing strict morals
    2. BBy encouraging open dialogue on moral education
    3. CBy discouraging immoral behaviour
    4. DBy focusing solely on moral education
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. By encouraging open dialogue on moral education

    Moral development grows through discussion and reasoning about values (as in Kohlberg's dilemma discussions), not through imposed rules alone.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q139, final key

  137. Q132 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    Which philosopher is known for his work on virtue ethics ?

    1. AImmanuel Kant
    2. BJohn Stuart Mill
    3. CAristotle
    4. DFriedrich Nietzsche
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. Aristotle

    Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics is the founding text of virtue ethics, which judges morality by character and virtues.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q140, final key

  138. Q133 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    The true statement regarding moral education and religious education in its approach is

    1. AMoral education promotes atheism, while religious education promotes spirituality
    2. BMoral education is based on universal values, while religious education is tied to specific faiths
    3. CMoral education and religious education focus on rites
    4. DMoral education and religious education are taught in religious institutions
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Moral education is based on universal values, while religious education is tied to specific faiths

    Moral education teaches universal values such as honesty and compassion that do not depend on any religion; religious education teaches the beliefs and practices of particular faiths.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q141, final key

  139. Q134 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    Which of the following is a major challenge to national integration in India ?

    1. ATechnological advancements
    2. BRegionalism and linguistic differences
    3. CGlobalization
    4. DCommunal issues
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. Regionalism and linguistic differences

    APPSC's key takes regionalism and linguistic differences as the major challenge to national integration. Communalism is also a recognised threat, so option 4 is close; the key prefers option 2.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q142, final key

  140. Q135 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education

    How can teachers support culturally disadvantaged students in the classroom ?

    1. ABy ignoring cultural differences
    2. BBy incorporating culturally relevant teaching methods
    3. CBy focusing only on standardized curricula
    4. DBy discouraging discussions about culture
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. By incorporating culturally relevant teaching methods

    Culturally responsive teaching links lessons to students' backgrounds, languages and experiences, helping disadvantaged learners take part and succeed.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q143, final key

  141. Q136 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    Which organization is primarily responsible for promoting international peace and understanding ?

    1. AWorld Health Organization (WHO)
    2. BUnited Nations Organizations (UNO)
    3. CUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
    4. DWorld Peace Organization (WPO)
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. United Nations Organizations (UNO)

    Maintaining international peace and security is the first purpose of the United Nations under its Charter. UNESCO also works for peace through education, but the key takes the UN as the body primarily responsible.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q144, final key

  142. Q137 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education

    India ranked ________ in the Global Peace Index 2025 among 163 countries.

    1. A112
    2. B114
    3. C115
    4. D125
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. 115

    The Institute for Economics and Peace's Global Peace Index 2025 ranked India 115th of 163 countries; Iceland was first.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q145, final key

  143. Q138 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    Given below are two statements.

    Statement I : Literacy changes future species of human being.

    Statement II : Literacy changes society.

    Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

    1. ABoth statements I and II are incorrect
    2. BBoth statements I and II are correct
    3. CStatement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
    4. DStatement I is incorrect and statement II is correct
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer D. Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct

    Literacy is a social and cultural change; it does not change human biology or species. It does change society through awareness, participation and development.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q146, final key

  144. Q139 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education

    Why is lifelong learning important in the modern world ?

    1. AIt helps individuals adapt to changing job markets
    2. BIt ensures everyone gets a university degree
    3. CIt eliminates the need for formal education
    4. DIt focuses only on academic achievements
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer A. It helps individuals adapt to changing job markets

    Fast changes in technology and work mean people must keep learning new skills throughout life to stay employable.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q147, final key

  145. Q140 Teacher & Vocational Education

    The approaches of designing in-service teacher education programme as per NCFTE-2009

    A. Contextual and pedagogic approach

    B. Educational attainment approach

    C. Subject expertise

    D. Addressing teachers as learners

    Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

    1. AA and B
    2. BA and C
    3. CA and D
    4. DC and D
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. A and D

    NCFTE 2009 asks that in-service programmes be designed around teachers' context and pedagogy and treat teachers as adult learners with their own experience, rather than around attainment targets or subject content alone.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q148, final key

  146. Q141 Teacher & Vocational Education

    Match the organization with its year of establishment.

    OrganizationYear
    A. NCTE1. 1969
    B. SCERT2. 1995
    C. RCI3. 1956
    D. UGC4. 1992

    Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

    1. AA – 1, B – 3, C – 4, D – 2
    2. BA – 2, B – 1, C – 4, D – 3
    3. CA – 2, B – 4, C – 1, D – 3
    4. DA – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer B. A – 2, B – 1, C – 4, D – 3

    NCTE became a statutory body in 1995 (NCTE Act 1993); SCERT (Andhra Pradesh) dates from 1969; the RCI Act was passed in 1992; UGC became a statutory body in 1956.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q149, final key

  147. Q142 Universalisation of Elementary Education

    The Right to Education Act recently passed by our Parliament is an extension of the following Article of our Constitution

    1. A13
    2. B15
    3. C45
    4. D55
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer C. 45

    The RTE Act 2009 gives effect to Article 21A, which grew out of the Directive Principle in Article 45 on free and compulsory education for children; of the options, Article 45 is the source.

    Source: APPSC HWO 2025 Paper II (Notification 15/2025), Q150, final key

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