Free mock test · APPSC Paper I
APPSC HWO Paper II Mock 1 with answers
- 150 questions
- 150 minutes
- +1 right · −0.33 wrong
Try each question first. Then tap Show answer.
Topics in this test (12)
- Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development21
- Community, Language, Values & Peace Education21
- Learning & Motivation17
- Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers16
- Sociological Foundations of Education14
- Universalisation of Elementary Education12
- Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education12
- Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance10
- Teacher & Vocational Education9
- Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education7
- Educational Statistics6
- Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions5
Questions and answers
- Q1 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Consider the statements.
I. The Latin word 'educare' means to bring up or nourish.
II. The Latin word 'educatum' means the act of teaching or training.
Which is correct?
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Answer C. Both I and II
Educare = to bring up or nourish; educatum = the act of teaching or training; educere = to lead out.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q2 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Class VII pupils decide to run a school vegetable garden; they plan it, share the work, keep accounts and report the results. This way of learning rests on
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Answer C. Pragmatism
This is a project: purposeful, co-operative learning by doing in a real situation, which comes from pragmatism (Dewey and Kilpatrick).
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q3 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Which of the following journals was NOT edited or published by Gandhi?
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Answer D. Kesari
Gandhi ran Indian Opinion in South Africa and Young India and Harijan in India; Kesari was Bal Gangadhar Tilak's Marathi paper.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q4 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
In J. Krishnamurti's view, the teacher and the pupil are
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Answer D. equal fellow seekers of truth
Krishnamurti said nobody is anybody's guru; teacher and pupil learn together as equals in the search for truth.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q5 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
The questions 'What counts as valid knowledge?' and 'How do we come to know?' guide the choice of curriculum and teaching methods. They come from which branch of philosophy?
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Answer B. Epistemology
Epistemology influences curriculum and methods of teaching; axiology influences aims; metaphysics influences the view of the child and reality.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q6 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." These opening words of The Social Contract were written by
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Answer D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau opened The Social Contract (1762) with these words; the same protest against society's chains runs through his Emile.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q7 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
As a naturalist, Gandhi held that the true textbook for the pupil is
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Answer B. his teacher
Gandhi played down printed textbooks and said the teacher himself is the pupil's true textbook, teaching by example.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q8 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Banaras Hindu University (1916) was founded by
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Answer B. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Madan Mohan Malaviya founded BHU in 1916; Annie Besant's Central Hindu College (1898) became its nucleus.
Source: Medha AI, based on standard education and modern-history references (HWO Paper II)
- Q9 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Which is an argument AGAINST the individual aim of education?
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Answer B. It may breed selfish individualism and neglect of social duty
Critics say the individual aim, pushed too far, breeds selfishness, social disintegration and neglect of duty to others.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q10 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Which school of philosophy stresses each person's freedom of choice and responsibility for it, and wants education to help every learner find his own meaning in life?
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Answer D. Existentialism
Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sartre) values the unique individual, freedom and personal responsibility.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q11 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
The scheme of Basic Education was placed before the nation at the All India National Education Conference held in 1937 at
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Answer B. Wardha
Gandhi's scheme was discussed at the All India National Education Conference at Wardha in October 1937, so it is also called the Wardha Scheme.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q12 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
In 1929 J. Krishnamurti dissolved which organisation that had been built around him?
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Answer A. Order of the Star
At Ommen in 1929 he dissolved the Order of the Star, saying 'Truth is a pathless land' and that no organisation can lead a man to truth.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed textbooks and standard references (Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, KFI) (HWO Paper II)
- Q13 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
"The highest education is that which makes our life in harmony with all existence." Who said this?
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Answer B. Rabindranath Tagore
Tagore saw the highest education as bringing one's life into harmony with all existence, nature and humanity.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q14 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Who wrote "The Great Didactic", which proposed teaching all things to all people?
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Answer D. Comenius
Comenius's Great Didactic set out a universal system of graded schooling, teaching all things to all people.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q15 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Compared with Gandhi, Tagore placed greater stress on
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Answer C. fine arts, aesthetics and international understanding
Gandhi built education around a productive, self-supporting craft; Tagore built it around nature, the arts and a world outlook (Visva-Bharati).
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q16 Philosophical Foundations & Educational Thinkers
Krishnamurti's early Theosophical writings, such as 'At the Feet of the Master', appeared under which pen name?
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Answer A. Alcyone
As a boy in the Theosophical Society, Krishnamurti wrote under the name Alcyone; At the Feet of the Master (1910) and Education as Service (1912) carry it.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed textbooks and standard references (Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, KFI) (HWO Paper II)
- Q17 Sociological Foundations of Education
Consider the following statements about socialisation:
I. Socialisation ends when a child completes school.
II. Mass media acts as a secondary agency of socialisation.
III. Resocialisation often takes place in total institutions such as prisons.
Which of the statements are correct?
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Answer B. II and III only
Socialisation is lifelong, so I is wrong. Media is a secondary agency, and resocialisation is typical of total institutions (Goffman), so II and III are right.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q18 Sociological Foundations of Education
Which of the following pairs of concept and thinker is NOT correctly matched?
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Answer B. Ethnocentrism - Karl Marx
Ethnocentrism comes from W. G. Sumner; Marx is linked with class struggle. The other three pairs are correct.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q19 Sociological Foundations of Education
Consider the following statements about the growth of schooling in India, as given in the Contemporary India and Education text:
1. Enrolment in primary schools rose from about 19 million in 1950-51 to over 110 million by 2001.
2. Despite this growth, India's educational inequality is among the lowest in the world.
3. Gaps in school participation by gender, caste and religion still persist.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
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Answer A. 1 and 3 only
Primary enrolment rose from 19.2 million (1950-51) to 113.6 million (2001), but India's educational inequality is among the highest in the world, with lasting gender, caste and religion gaps.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q20 Sociological Foundations of Education
Education was transferred from the State List to the Concurrent List by the:
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Answer B. 42nd Amendment, 1976
The 42nd Amendment (1976) made education a Concurrent subject (Entry 25, List III), so both the Union and the States can legislate on it; the same amendment added "socialist" and "secular" to the Preamble.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q21 Sociological Foundations of Education
In which book did John Dewey describe the school as an 'embryonic community'?
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Answer A. The School and Society
In The School and Society (1899) Dewey argued that the school should be an embryonic community, a society in miniature where children live and work together.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q22 Sociological Foundations of Education
Which psychologist regarded culture as the prime determinant of a child's individual development?
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Answer C. Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky held that culture, through language and social interaction, is the prime determinant of individual development.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q23 Sociological Foundations of Education
The Davis-Moore explanation that stratification is necessary to fill important positions with able people belongs to which perspective?
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Answer B. Functionalist perspective
Davis and Moore (1945) gave the functionalist theory: unequal rewards motivate the most able people to fill the most important positions.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q24 Sociological Foundations of Education
Eklavya Model Residential Schools for Scheduled Tribe children cover which classes?
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Answer B. Class VI to Class XII
Eklavya Model Residential Schools (from 1997-98) give quality residential education to ST children from Class VI to XII, on the lines of the Navodaya Vidyalayas.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q25 Sociological Foundations of Education
In Brown's classification of the agencies of education, which of the following is a commercial agency?
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Answer C. Cinema
Brown's commercial agencies, such as cinema, radio, television, theatre and the press, are run for profit; welfare and service bodies are non-commercial.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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Start free - Q26 Sociological Foundations of Education
M. N. Srinivas first used the term 'Sanskritisation' in which book (1952)?
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Answer B. Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India
Srinivas introduced Sanskritisation in Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India (1952) and elaborated it in Social Change in Modern India (1966).
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q27 Sociological Foundations of Education
In modern society, the main ladder of upward social mobility is
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Answer B. Education
Because jobs and status depend on qualifications, education is the main channel of upward mobility in modern society.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q28 Sociological Foundations of Education
The National Policy on Education, 1986, under "Education for Equality", said that education would be used as an agent of basic change in the status of:
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Answer B. Women
NPE 1986 (para 4.2) committed education to work for women's equality and to be an agent of basic change in their status.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q29 Sociological Foundations of Education
A child playing cricket understands the roles of the bowler, the fielders and the umpire at the same time. In Mead's terms the child has developed a sense of the:
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Answer B. generalised other
Taking the attitudes of the whole team at once is the game stage, in which the child forms the 'generalised other', the expectations of society at large.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q30 Sociological Foundations of Education
Which of the following is an element of non-material culture?
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Answer A. Moral values
Non-material culture is made of ideas, beliefs, values, norms, customs and language; material culture is made of physical objects created by people.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q31 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Which of the following is NOT a contribution of educational psychology to the teacher?
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Answer A. Deciding the salary and service rules of teachers
Educational psychology helps the teacher know the child, plan methods, manage the class and look after mental health; pay and service rules are an administrative matter.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q32 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
A teacher asks a pupil to write down exactly what she felt and thought while waiting for her examination results. The teacher is using the
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Answer D. Introspection method
Reporting one's own feelings and thoughts is introspection (self-observation).
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q33 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Consider the following statements:
1. Development is shaped by the culture in which a child grows up.
2. Development always proceeds in a straight line at a steady rate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Answer A. 1 only
Development shows cultural diversity, and it is not linear: it has spurts, pauses and plateaus.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q34 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
'I will lend you my bicycle if you do my homework.' A child who reasons about right and wrong like this is at Kohlberg's
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Answer B. Stage 2: instrumental exchange
At Stage 2 an act is right if it serves one's own needs in a fair deal: 'you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours'.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q35 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Who launched the school of behaviourism in 1913 by declaring that psychology should be the science of observable behaviour?
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Answer B. John B. Watson
John B. Watson's 1913 paper 'Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It' rejected the study of consciousness and defined psychology as the science of behaviour.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q36 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Who founded the first psychological clinic, at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896, and is regarded as the founder of clinical psychology?
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Answer C. Lightner Witmer
Lightner Witmer, a student of Wundt, opened the first psychological clinic in 1896 to help children with learning and behaviour problems, and coined the term 'clinical psychology'.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q37 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
An adolescent who has formed a clear sense of identity is most likely to show
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Answer C. Self-confidence in making life choices
A secure identity gives self-confidence and direction; failing to form one leads to role confusion.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q38 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
In Vygotsky's social constructivism, a learner's motivation is seen as
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Answer D. Both intrinsic and extrinsic
Piaget's cognitive constructivism stresses intrinsic motivation, while Vygotsky's social constructivism sees motivation as both intrinsic and extrinsic, shaped by others and the setting.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q39 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
In which century did psychology come to be defined as the 'science of behaviour'?
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Answer D. 20th century
In the 20th century, led by J. B. Watson, psychology came to be defined as the science of behaviour.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q40 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
The word 'introspection' in psychology means
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Answer B. Looking inward and reporting one's own mental experiences
Introspection (from Latin introspicere: intro = within, specere = to look) is self-observation: a person looks into his own mind and reports his feelings, sensations and thoughts.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q41 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
The term 'proximodistal' describes development that proceeds
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Answer B. From the centre of the body to the extremities
Proximo (near) to distal (far): the trunk and shoulders come under control before the arms, and the arms before the fingers.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q42 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
In Vygotsky's terms, the level of performance a child shows when solving problems entirely on his own is the
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Answer B. Actual developmental level
The actual developmental level is what the child can already do independently; the potential level is what he can do with guidance.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q43 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
According to Anderson, general psychology is a pure science, whereas educational psychology is
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Answer A. its application in the field of education
Anderson saw educational psychology as the application of general psychology to education, aimed at socialising the learner and modifying behaviour.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q44 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
A researcher tests whether a new reading method raises pupils' scores. Factors such as pupils' intelligence and home background, which may also affect the scores and must be held constant, are called
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Answer C. Extraneous variables
Extraneous (relevant) variables are factors other than the independent variable that can influence the dependent variable; the experimenter controls them, for example by equating the groups.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q45 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Most textbooks describe the central task of adolescence as
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Answer D. The search for identity
Adolescents struggle to answer 'Who am I?' and to gain independence, so the search for identity is the key task of this stage.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q46 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Lawrence Kohlberg studied the development of moral reasoning chiefly by
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Answer D. asking people to reason about moral dilemmas such as the Heinz dilemma
Kohlberg presented moral dilemmas (the best known is Heinz, who steals a drug to save his dying wife) and classified the reasoning behind the answers, not the answers themselves.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q47 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
After the Renaissance, science replaced 'extensive inquiry' with a method that breaks a phenomenon into small parts and studies each in detail. This method is called
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Answer D. intensive inquiry
Intensive inquiry analyses an event into its smaller components and studies each closely; it became the basic method of science.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q48 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Because a pupil's behaviour varies with time and place, a teacher using observation should
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Answer A. Observe the pupil several times in different situations
Since behaviour differs from one time and place to another, observations should be repeated in varied situations before drawing conclusions.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q49 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
A child talks aloud to herself while solving a puzzle ('this piece goes here... no, there'). Vygotsky regarded such speech as a tool for guiding thought and called it
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Answer A. Private speech
Vygotsky called self-directed talk private speech and saw it as useful self-regulation that goes inward as inner speech; Piaget called similar talk egocentric speech.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q50 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Which of the following is a common criticism of Piaget's theory?
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Answer D. It gave too little weight to social and cultural influences
Critics, Vygotsky among them, argue that Piaget neglected the role of culture and social interaction and underestimated what young children can do.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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100 questions to go. Take the rest with a timer and see your score.
Start free - Q51 Educational Psychology: Nature, Methods & Development
Revising old intelligence, personality and aptitude tests and devising new ones is the work of
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Answer A. psychometrics
Psychometric and quantitative psychologists develop and revise psychological tests and help design and analyse research.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q52 Learning & Motivation
Which classroom practice does NOT promote positive transfer of learning?
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Answer C. Rote memorising without understanding
Transfer is helped by meaningful teaching, links to life, clear similarities and general principles; rote learning without understanding hinders it.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q53 Learning & Motivation
Match the following books with their authors:
List I (Book) List II (Author) a. Principles of Behavior 1. Pavlov b. The Behavior of Organisms 2. Watson c. Conditioned Reflexes 3. Hull d. Behaviorism 4. Skinner Show answerHide answer
Answer C. a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
Principles of Behavior - Hull; The Behavior of Organisms - Skinner; Conditioned Reflexes - Pavlov; Behaviorism - Watson.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q54 Learning & Motivation
Consider the statements.
Statement I: Bandura later renamed his social learning theory 'social cognitive theory'.
Statement II: According to Bandura, learning can take place without any immediate change in observable behaviour.
Which is correct?
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Answer B. Both I and II are true
Bandura used 'social cognitive theory' from 1986 to stress the role of thought. He distinguished acquisition from performance: a behaviour can be learned by observation and shown only later, when there is a reason to.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q55 Learning & Motivation
A teacher returns the corrected test the next day with a short comment on each mistake. Which motivational principle is she using?
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Answer A. Knowledge of results
Knowledge of results (feedback), given soon after the task, motivates the learner and helps correct errors.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q56 Learning & Motivation
Ravi learned his old mobile number by heart. After getting a new number he keeps writing the old number when asked for the new one. This shows
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Answer C. Proactive inhibition
The earlier learning (old number) interferes with recall of the later learning (new number); this is proactive inhibition.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q57 Learning & Motivation
According to Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory, a response is reinforced when it
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Answer A. reduces a drive arising from a need
For Hull, a need creates a drive; a response that reduces the drive is reinforced, so its S-R bond (habit) grows stronger.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q58 Learning & Motivation
According to Bandura, children are more likely to imitate a model who
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Answer B. is similar to them, such as of the same sex
Children attend to and imitate models they see as similar to themselves, and models whose behaviour brings rewards.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q59 Learning & Motivation
The idea that human beings are driven mainly by a striving for superiority to overcome feelings of inferiority was given by
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Answer A. Alfred Adler
Adler's individual psychology says people strive for superiority (power) to overcome felt inferiority.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q60 Learning & Motivation
A hypothetical physical or chemical change in brain neurons that is thought to store a memory is called
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Answer A. Engram
An engram, or memory trace, is the assumed lasting change in the nervous system that holds a memory.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q61 Learning & Motivation
Which book of B. F. Skinner applies operant principles and teaching machines to schools?
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Answer C. The Technology of Teaching
In The Technology of Teaching (1968) Skinner applied reinforcement, programmed instruction and teaching machines to classroom learning.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q62 Learning & Motivation
In Ausubel's theory, 'progressive differentiation' means that
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Answer B. the most general ideas are taught first, then details
Ausubel advised presenting the most general, inclusive ideas first and then breaking them into more detailed and specific ideas.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q63 Learning & Motivation
A teacher shows several examples first and lets pupils arrive at the rule themselves. This is the
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Answer D. inductive method
The inductive method moves from particular examples to a general rule; the deductive method gives the rule first and then applies it.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q64 Learning & Motivation
Learning the words of a foreign language together with their meanings, in pairs, is an example of which method of verbal learning?
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Answer C. Paired-associate learning
In paired-associate learning the learner links a stimulus item with a response item, as in foreign word and meaning; it is used for vocabulary learning.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q65 Learning & Motivation
In Hull's theory, habit strength (sHr) increases with
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Answer C. the number of reinforced trials
Hull held that every reinforced repetition adds to habit strength, which together with drive determines the tendency to respond.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q66 Learning & Motivation
In Bandura's observational learning, the step that depends on the observer's physical ability to perform the behaviour is
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Answer A. reproduction
Reproduction is turning the remembered behaviour into action; it is limited by the observer's physical and skill level.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q67 Learning & Motivation
In Skinner's linear programme, the learner
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Answer C. writes his own (constructed) answer, and every learner goes through the same frames
Linear programming uses small steps, constructed responses and one fixed path; multiple-choice items with remedial branches belong to Crowder's branching programme.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q68 Learning & Motivation
Linking a new fact to what one already knows, so that it is stored in long-term memory, is called
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Answer C. Elaborative rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal relates new information to existing knowledge and is the best route to long-term memory.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q69 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
On a normal distribution of IQ (mean 100, SD 15), about what percentage of people score between 85 and 115?
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Answer B. 68%
85 to 115 is one standard deviation on each side of the mean, which covers about 68% of a normal distribution.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q70 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
Which of the following is NOT a projective technique?
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Answer D. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
The EPQ is a structured self-report questionnaire; drawing tests and the picture-frustration study present open tasks onto which the person projects feelings.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q71 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
Children with special needs (CWSN) are best described as children whose needs
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Answer C. cannot be fully met in an ordinary classroom without special provisions
CWSN differ markedly from other children emotionally, intellectually, physically or socially, so they need special content, materials, staff or settings to learn well.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q72 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
'Client-Centered Therapy' (1951) was written by
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Answer C. Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers set out non-directive counselling in 'Counseling and Psychotherapy' (1942) and developed it in 'Client-Centered Therapy' (1951).
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q73 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
Howard Gardner presented his theory of multiple intelligences in which book?
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Answer D. Frames of Mind (1983)
In Frames of Mind (1983) Gardner argued that there are several relatively independent intelligences rather than one general ability measured by IQ tests.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q74 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
In Freud's model of the mind, the region compared with the large hidden part of an iceberg, holding repressed wishes and memories, is the
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Answer B. Unconscious
Freud's three levels: conscious (tip), preconscious (just below the surface), unconscious (the large hidden mass).
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q75 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
The three core features of ADHD are
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Answer A. inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder shows as difficulty in sustaining attention, excessive movement and acting without thinking; it often occurs alongside learning disabilities but is a separate condition.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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75 questions to go. Take the rest with a timer and see your score.
Start free - Q76 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
Which statement best describes counselling?
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Answer B. A face-to-face, two-way relationship that helps the client understand himself and decide
Counselling is a personal, face-to-face professional relationship in which the counsellor helps the client gain self-understanding and reach his own decision.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q77 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
Who defined intelligence as 'the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environment'?
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Answer D. David Wechsler
This is David Wechsler's well-known definition, which treats intelligence as a global capacity rather than a single ability.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q78 Individual Differences, Personality & Guidance
The word 'personality' is derived from
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Answer A. The Latin word 'persona', meaning a mask
Personality comes from the Latin 'persona', the actor's mask, so early meanings stressed the outward impression a person makes.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q79 Educational Statistics
In a test, 20 boys have a mean of 55 and 30 girls have a mean of 60. What is the combined mean of the class?
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Answer C. 58
Combined mean = (N₁M₁ + N₂M₂) ÷ (N₁ + N₂) = (1100 + 1800) ÷ 50 = 58.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q80 Educational Statistics
What is the standard deviation of the scores 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9?
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Answer D. 2
Mean = 40/8 = 5. Squared deviations: 9, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 4, 16 = 32. Variance = 32/8 = 4; SD = √4 = 2.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q81 Educational Statistics
Which coefficient is used when both variables are genuine two-category variables, such as gender and pass/fail?
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Answer B. Phi coefficient
Phi is for two true dichotomies; tetrachoric for two artificial ones; biserial and point-biserial when one variable is continuous.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q82 Educational Statistics
In a class test, the score obtained by the largest number of students is called the
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Answer C. Mode
The mode is the score that occurs most often, so it is the score obtained by the largest number of students.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q83 Educational Statistics
Which measure of variability is based only on the two extreme scores and is therefore most affected by a single unusual score?
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Answer C. Range
Range uses only the highest and lowest scores, so one very high or very low score changes it a lot; it ignores every score in between.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q84 Educational Statistics
The correlation between scores on an entrance test and pupils' later grades is called the test's
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Answer D. validity coefficient
A validity coefficient is r between test scores and a criterion such as grades; it is usually lower than a reliability coefficient.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q85 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Consider the following statements about the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002:
I. It inserted Article 21A in Part III of the Constitution.
II. It substituted Article 45 to cover early childhood care and education.
III. It added a Fundamental Duty in Article 51A(k).
IV. Article 21A became enforceable on the day the amendment received assent in 2002.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
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Answer B. I, II and III only
Statements I to III are correct. Statement IV is wrong: Article 21A came into force only on 1 April 2010, together with the RTE Act.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q86 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Consider the statements.
I. In primary education, 'wastage' means a child repeating the same class for more than a year.
II. 'Stagnation' means a child leaving school before completing the primary stage.
Which is correct?
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Answer D. Neither I nor II
The two terms are swapped: wastage is premature withdrawal (dropping out before completing the stage), and stagnation is detention, i.e. repeating a class.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q87 Universalisation of Elementary Education
The RTE (Amendment) Act, 2019 changed the no-detention rule by allowing states to hold back pupils who fail a re-examination in:
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Answer A. Classes V and VIII
The 2019 amendment allows a regular examination at the end of Classes V and VIII; a child who fails gets a re-examination within two months and may be held back if he or she fails again, if the state so decides.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q88 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Under Section 15 of the RTE Act, a child who seeks admission after the extended admission period of the academic year
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Answer D. shall not be denied admission
Section 15: admission is normally at the start of the year or within an extended period, but a child coming later still cannot be refused; the Government prescribes how such a child completes studies.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q89 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Which step, taken to speed up UEE, prepares children from deprived homes for school before they enter Class I?
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Answer B. Compensatory pre-school education
Compensatory pre-school education gives disadvantaged children early readiness for school, so they enrol in Class I and are less likely to drop out.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q90 Universalisation of Elementary Education
What is the main weakness of the apparent cohort method of estimating wastage?
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Answer B. It ignores repeaters and pupils who transfer in or out
The apparent cohort method simply compares enrolments of successive classes in successive years, so repeaters and transfers distort the figure; it is quick but rough.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q91 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Clause (k) of Article 51A on the duty of parents to educate their children was added by the
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Answer D. 86th Amendment, 2002
The 42nd Amendment (1976) gave ten Fundamental Duties; the 86th Amendment (2002) added the eleventh, clause (k), on parents educating children of 6 to 14.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q92 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Which social evil was cited as a hindrance to compulsory primary education, especially for girls?
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Answer B. Child marriage
Superstition, child marriage, untouchability, purdah and illiteracy were cited as social evils hindering compulsory primary education.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q93 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Retention of a pupil in a lower class for more than one year is known as:
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Answer C. Stagnation
Stagnation means a pupil stays in the same class for more than the normal one year, usually because of failure, so the pupil takes longer than the prescribed time to finish the stage.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q94 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Which activity of a school teacher is expressly prohibited by the RTE Act?
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Answer A. Engaging in private tuition or private teaching activity
Section 28 bars every teacher from private tuition or private teaching activity.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q95 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Lok Jumbish ('people's movement'), a primary education project begun in 1992, was run in
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Answer A. Rajasthan
Lok Jumbish (1992) in Rajasthan, like the earlier Shiksha Karmi project there, mobilised the community for primary education.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q96 Universalisation of Elementary Education
Sir Philip Hartog, who chaired the 1929 committee on wastage, had earlier been the first Vice-Chancellor of which university?
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Answer A. Dacca University
Sir Philip Hartog was the first Vice-Chancellor of Dacca University before heading the 1928-29 auxiliary committee.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q97 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
Which of the following is NOT one of the three approaches to functional adult literacy?
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Answer A. Behaviourist approach
The three approaches to functional adult literacy are the traditional, the functional and the psycho-social approaches.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q98 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
The Programme of Action (1992) lists all of the following as characteristics of non-formal education EXCEPT
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Answer D. Uniform fixed timetable
POA 1992 stresses flexibility, relevance, diversity of learning activities and decentralised management. A uniform fixed timetable goes against all of these.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q99 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
A teacher attends in-service courses every year and reads journals to keep up with new teaching methods. This is an example of
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Answer D. continuous professional development
Teachers are lifelong learners too; in-service and refresher courses and self-study keep their professional skills current.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q100 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
In June 2024, which became the first administrative unit to be declared fully functionally literate under ULLAS?
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Answer B. Ladakh
The Union Territory of Ladakh was declared fully functionally literate under ULLAS in June 2024, with literacy above 97%; Mizoram became the first State in May 2025.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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50 questions to go. Take the rest with a timer and see your score.
Start free - Q101 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
Janshala was a joint programme of the Government of India and
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Answer B. Five UN agencies
Janshala (GOI–UN) was a community-based primary education programme of the Government of India and five UN agencies.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q102 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
Which feature of lifelong education means that learning never reaches a final end point?
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Answer D. It has no terminal stage
'No terminal stage' means lifelong education is never complete; learning goes on as long as life goes on.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q103 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
The first Shramik Vidyapeeth, a polyvalent adult education centre for urban workers, was set up in 1967 at
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Answer D. Mumbai (Worli)
The first Shramik Vidyapeeth opened at Worli, Mumbai, in 1967 to give industrial workers and their families many kinds of learning; these centres were renamed Jan Shikshan Sansthans in 2000.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q104 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
In non-formal education, the learner's self-growth and self-renewal are guided mainly by
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Answer C. The learner's own motivation
The textbook says self-growth and self-renewal in non-formal education are guided by the individual's own motivation.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q105 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
Free online courses can serve lifelong learning for all only if which problem is reduced?
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Answer D. The digital divide
The digital divide is unequal access to digital technologies and the internet; those without devices or connectivity are left out of online learning.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q106 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
UNESCO's Experimental World Literacy Programme (1966-74) linked literacy mainly with
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Answer C. Work and economic development
The Experimental World Literacy Programme tried out work-oriented functional literacy, teaching reading and writing together with skills for production and development.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q107 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
In place of schools, Ivan Illich proposed networks of shared learning resources called
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Answer A. Learning webs
Illich proposed 'learning webs': networks giving everyone access to resources, skill exchanges, peer matching and educators, instead of compulsory schools.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q108 Adult, Non-formal & Lifelong Education
India's first open university, set up in Hyderabad in 1982 to open higher education to working adults, was
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Answer B. Andhra Pradesh Open University
Andhra Pradesh Open University (1982), now Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, was the first open university in India.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q109 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of teaching young children in their mother tongue?
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Answer A. Ready access to international job markets
Mother-tongue teaching aids understanding, home-school links and retention; job-market access is an argument made for English.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q110 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
A Class VIII pupil asks an embarrassing question about bodily changes in front of the class. The best response of the teacher is to
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Answer D. answer it factually and calmly at an age-appropriate level
Family-life education needs teachers who handle sensitive questions scientifically and with dignity; anonymous question boxes also help.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q111 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Consider the following recommendations about moral instruction in schools:
I. The school day should begin with a few minutes of silent meditation in the assembly.
II. The lives and teachings of great religious leaders and saints should be included in the curriculum.
Which of these were made by the Sri Prakasa Committee (1959)?
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Answer C. Both I and II
The committee recommended a short period of silent meditation at the morning assembly and the study of the lives and teachings of great religious personalities, so that moral values could be taught without promoting any one faith.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q112 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Which teacher behaviour WEAKENS national integration in the classroom?
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Answer D. Joking about a community's customs
Teachers must be impartial, avoid stereotypes and model respect for all communities; ridicule of any group's customs undermines integration.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q113 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Which of the following school activities best develops international understanding?
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Answer B. A Model UN session held on United Nations Day
A Model UN session on UN Day makes pupils speak for other countries and study world problems together, which builds international understanding.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q114 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Which State has followed a two-language policy (Tamil and English) in its schools since 1968 instead of the three-language formula?
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Answer D. Tamil Nadu
Opposition to Hindi led Tamil Nadu to adopt a two-language policy of Tamil and English in 1968.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q115 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Which population-related element is part of the core curriculum in the National Policy on Education, 1986?
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Answer B. Observance of the small family norm
NPE 1986 listed 'observance of the small family norm' among the core curriculum elements.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q116 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
The values clarification approach was introduced in which book (1966)?
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Answer B. Values and Teaching
'Values and Teaching' (1966) by Louis Raths, Merrill Harmin and Sidney Simon introduced values clarification: helping pupils become aware of and examine their own values.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q117 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Placing loyalty to one's religious group above loyalty to the nation is called:
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Answer D. Communalism
Communalism means putting the interests of one's religious community above those of the nation; it is a major hurdle to nationalism.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q118 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Tagore founded Visva-Bharati (1921), whose motto means 'where the whole world meets in a single nest', mainly to promote
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Answer B. international understanding through education
Tagore wanted Visva-Bharati to be a world university where East and West meet, so that education builds national and international understanding with peace and harmony.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q119 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Under the RTE Act 2009, at least three-fourths of the members of a School Management Committee must be
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Answer A. parents or guardians of the children
RTE Act Section 21: three-fourths of SMC members are parents or guardians, with proportionate representation of disadvantaged groups and 50% women.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q120 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
According to the World Health Organization, adolescence covers the age group of
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Answer B. 10 to 19 years
WHO defines adolescents as persons aged 10 to 19 years; 15 to 24 is the UN definition of youth.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q121 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
According to Thomas Lickona, good character has three interrelated parts:
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Answer D. Moral knowing, moral feeling and moral action
Lickona's character education model says good character means knowing the good, desiring the good and doing the good: moral knowing, moral feeling and moral action.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q122 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Which of the following was recommended by the Emotional Integration Committee (1961-62)?
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Answer B. Inter-state student camps, tours and exchanges
To build a feeling of oneness, the Sampurnanand Committee recommended inter-state camps, tours and student exchanges, along with revised textbooks and the celebration of national days.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q123 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
UNESCO's Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP) is located in
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Answer A. New Delhi
UNESCO MGIEP, set up in 2012 with India's support, is UNESCO's institute for education for peace and sustainable development, based in New Delhi.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q124 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Who proposed the widely used framework of six types of school-family-community involvement: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making and collaborating with the community?
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Answer B. Joyce Epstein
Joyce Epstein's six types of involvement are parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making and collaborating with the community.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q125 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
The Adolescence Education Programme in schools is built mainly on the
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Answer C. life skills approach
AEP uses a life-skills approach (decision making, coping with stress, communication) through activities, not exams.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
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25 questions to go. Take the rest with a timer and see your score.
Start free - Q126 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Giving pupils a story in which two values conflict and asking them to reason out what the character should do is called
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Answer D. Moral dilemma discussion
In moral dilemma discussion pupils face a situation where values clash (honesty vs loyalty, law vs life) and must justify a choice, which develops moral reasoning.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q127 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
Love for one's own region is compatible with national integration when it is:
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Answer C. subordinate to loyalty to the nation
Regional loyalty is not harmful in itself; it becomes a threat only when it is placed above the nation or turns into hostility and separatism.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q128 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
In every Global Peace Index since 2008, including the 2025 edition, the most peaceful country has been
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Answer C. Iceland
Iceland has topped the Global Peace Index in every edition since 2008, including 2025.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q129 Community, Language, Values & Peace Education
The word 'community' comes from two Latin parts, 'com' and 'munis'. Together they mean
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Answer B. to serve together
'Com' (together) and 'munis' (to serve) give community the meaning 'to serve together'.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q130 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education
Which group was NOT among those covered by the 'Education for Equality' part of NPE 1986?
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Answer B. Pupils of elite private schools
NPE 1986's 'Education for Equality' covered women, SCs, STs, other educationally backward sections, minorities, the handicapped and adult education; pupils of elite private schools were not a target group.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q131 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education
Which of the following is NOT one of the five areas covered by the SOP in G.O.Ms.No.46 (2023)?
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Answer A. Admission of students by lottery
The SOP covers general guidelines, supervision at various levels, safety and security, food/water safety and hygiene, and untoward-incident reporting; admissions are not part of it.
Source: Medha AI, based on G.O.Ms.No.46 (2023), APREIS records and BRAOU B.Ed. texts (HWO Paper II)
- Q132 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education
The National Education Policy 2020 recommends declaring regions with large populations of Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs) as
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Answer B. Special Education Zones
NEP 2020 proposes Special Education Zones for aspirational districts and regions with large SEDG populations, along with a Gender-Inclusion Fund for girls and transgender students.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q133 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education
The National Safai Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC) works under which Union Ministry?
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Answer C. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
NSKFDC gives loans and skill training to safai karamcharis, manual scavengers and their dependants; it is under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q134 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education
Under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, every child with a benchmark disability has the right to free education in a neighbourhood school or a special school of choice between the ages of
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Answer A. 6 and 18 years
Section 31 of the RPwD Act, 2016 gives every child with a benchmark disability between 6 and 18 years the right to free education, extending the RTE age limit of 14.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q135 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education
The Andhra Pradesh Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society (APSWREIS) runs gurukul schools mainly for students of which group?
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Answer A. Scheduled Castes
APSWREIS is the Social Welfare Department's residential society; its schools are meant mainly for Scheduled Caste children, with a small share of seats for other groups.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q136 Disadvantaged Learners & Welfare Education
Providing equal facilities, teachers and financial aid to poor pupils is the approach of equalising
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Answer A. Inputs
One reading of equal opportunity equalises inputs (facilities, teachers, curriculum, aid); the other equalises results (achievement and its benefits).
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q137 Teacher & Vocational Education
Which of the following is NOT a location of an NCERT Regional Institute of Education?
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Answer D. Hyderabad
NCERT's Regional Institutes of Education are at Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Mysuru and Shillong (North-East).
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q138 Teacher & Vocational Education
A special-school trainer lists the shops near the school, checks which skills a nearby bakery needs, trains a student at the bakery itself, and keeps visiting him after he is hired. This follows the
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Answer A. community-based approach
Surveying local jobs, matching the trainee to one, training on the real site and supporting job retention are the features of community-based vocational training.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q139 Teacher & Vocational Education
The Regional Institute of Education later added by NCERT for the north-eastern States is at:
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Answer D. Shillong
NCERT added the North-East Regional Institute of Education (NERIE) at Shillong to the original four RIEs.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q140 Teacher & Vocational Education
Which document of 1854 stressed the spread of 'useful knowledge', including vocational and technical instruction, and is often called the 'Magna Carta of English education in India'?
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Answer D. Wood's Despatch
Sir Charles Wood's Despatch of 1854 asked for 'useful knowledge' and recommended vocational content and institutions alongside general education.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q141 Teacher & Vocational Education
Under the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), which was a quality intervention for secondary schools?
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Answer A. In-service training of teachers
RMSA's quality interventions for secondary education included in-service training of teachers, along with science labs and ICT.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q142 Teacher & Vocational Education
The 1985 Working Group on the vocationalisation of education was headed by
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Answer A. V. C. Kulandaiswamy
Just before NPE 1986, a Working Group under V. C. Kulandaiswamy (1985) reviewed the vocationalisation of education.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q143 Teacher & Vocational Education
While estimating about 16,500 teachers needed for blind, deaf and mentally retarded children, the Kothari Commission assumed a pupil-teacher ratio of:
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Answer D. 10:1
The Kothari Commission based its estimate of special teachers on one teacher for every ten such children.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q144 Teacher & Vocational Education
The Kothari Commission described work experience as
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Answer D. participation in productive work in school, home, workshop, farm or factory
For Kothari, work experience meant actual participation in productive work in the school, home, workshop, farm, factory or any other situation, as an integral part of education.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q145 Teacher & Vocational Education
The national in-service programme NISHTHA stands for:
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Answer B. National Initiative for School Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement
NISHTHA is the National Initiative for School Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement, launched in 2019.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q146 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions
Match the commission with what it is best known for:
- A. Hunter Commission
- B. Hartog Committee
- C. Mudaliar Commission
- D. Yash Pal Committee
- 1. Multipurpose schools
- 2. Wastage and stagnation
- 3. Learning without burden
- 4. Primary education under local boards
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Answer A. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
Hunter: primary schools under local boards; Hartog: wastage and stagnation; Mudaliar: multipurpose schools; Yash Pal: Learning without Burden.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q147 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions
With the approval of NEP 2020, the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed the
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Answer A. Ministry of Education
When the Union Cabinet approved NEP 2020 on 29 July 2020, it also renamed MHRD as the Ministry of Education, the name it had before 1985.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q148 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions
In AP, admission to the D.El.Ed. (Diploma in Elementary Education) course is made through:
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Answer A. DEECET, conducted by the school education department
Elementary teacher training is a school education matter in AP, so its entrance test (DEECET) is held by the school education department rather than APSCHE.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
- Q149 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions
The Kothari Commission was the first to say handicapped children should be educated not only on humanitarian grounds but also on grounds of
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Answer B. utility
The Education Commission (1964-66) was the first to argue for educating handicapped children on grounds of utility as well as humanity, and proposed both special and integrated programmes.
Source: Medha AI, based on BRAOU B.Ed/Psychology textbooks (HWO Paper II)
- Q150 Education Commissions, Policies & AP Admissions
NEP 2020 proposes a bagless period, in which students work with local vocational experts such as carpenters and gardeners, during Grades 6 to 8. How long is it?
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Answer D. 10 days
NEP 2020 (para 4.26): every student will take a fun course on local crafts and vocations in Grades 6 to 8, with a 10-day bagless period of internship with local vocational experts.
Source: Medha AI, based on the APPSC HWO Paper II syllabus (25/2026)
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