7.4.2 Bioremediation and green technologies notes

1. 7.4.2.1Bioremediation: in situ and ex situ methods and phytoremediation

   Bioremediation uses living organisms, mainly microbes, fungi and plants, to break down, remove or lock up pollutants in soil and water, either at the site (in situ) or after moving the material (ex situ).

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
2. 7.4.2.2Biofuels: generations and the ethanol blending programme

   Biofuels are fuels made from biomass; India's policy moves from food-crop (first generation) to waste and residue (second generation) fuels, and its ethanol blending programme reached 20% blending in petrol in 2025.

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
3. 7.4.2.3Renewable energy and the environment: solar, wind and hydro trade-offs

   Solar, wind and hydro power cut greenhouse gases and air pollution, but each has its own costs for land, water, wildlife and communities; India now gets half of its installed power capacity from non-fossil sources and aims for 500 GW by 2030.

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
4. 7.4.2.4Green hydrogen, electric mobility and clean transport

   Clean transport and heavy industry depend on two shifts: green hydrogen made from water with renewable power, and electric vehicles, supported in India by the National Green Hydrogen Mission and EV subsidy schemes.

   Standard · 7 min · Full course
5. 7.4.2.5Green buildings and energy efficiency: GRIHA, LEED, ECBC and BEE star labelling

   Green buildings cut energy, water and material use over their life; in India they are guided by rating systems such as GRIHA and IGBC and by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency's building codes and appliance star labels.

   Standard · 7 min · Full course

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