9.1 Community, language, values and peace notes

1. 9.1.1School and community; medium of instruction and the three-language formula

   School and community feed each other (the school serves as a community centre, the community supports and governs the school through bodies such as the RTE School Management Committee, and NPE 1986 saw the community as the base of accountability at each level of administration), and India's language policy rests on two ideas: teach young children in their mother tongue (UNESCO 1953, NEP 2020 "at least till Grade 5") and teach every pupil three languages (first proposed by the Radhakrishnan Commission, 1948-49, shaped by CABE 1956, Kothari 1964-66 and NPE 1968, kept with flexibility in NEP 2020).

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2. 9.1.2Population and family-life education

   Population education explains the problems of population growth and their solutions and helps learners understand the population situation of the family, community, nation and world and build rational, responsible attitudes toward it (UNESCO, Bangkok 1970); in India it began in the Third Five Year Plan (1961-66), grew through NCERT and the National Population Education Project (1980) with UNFPA support (in India from 1974), and widened into family-life and adolescence education about relationships, health and responsible parenthood.

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3. 9.1.3Moral and value education

   A value is a lasting belief about what is good and worth pursuing; moral education builds the habit of right conduct on universal, reasoned values, while religious education teaches the beliefs and rites of one faith; the family forms the first integrated set of values, and India's commissions (Radhakrishnan 1948-49, Mudaliar 1952-53, Sri Prakasa 1959, Kothari 1964-66, NPE 1986, Chavan 1999, NEP 2020) all asked schools to teach values, mostly indirectly, through a teacher who leads by example and open dialogue.

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4. 9.1.4National and emotional integration

   National integration is the awareness of a common identity among all citizens, built on unity in diversity and needed for a strong and prosperous nation; emotional integration is its psychological core, the feeling of oneness; the Sampurnanand Committee (1961-62) told schools how to build it, the National Integration Council (from the 1961 conference) keeps it on the national agenda, and 19 November is National Integration Day.

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5. 9.1.5International understanding and peace education

   Education for international understanding teaches children to see all humanity as one family and other nations as partners; peace education builds the knowledge, attitudes and skills for living without violence, at peace with oneself (inner peace), with others and with nature (outer peace); the UNO is the body primarily responsible for international peace, and UNESCO is the UN agency that leads peace through education and the culture of peace.

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